用深度生存模型预测女足运动员受伤时间,更准且能解释。
Time-to-Injury Forecasting in Elite Female Football: A DeepHit Survival Approach
- 用DeepHit神经网络分析长期监控数据,预测受伤发生时间。
- 模型准确率(C-index)达0.762,优于传统方法。
- 结果可解释,适合教练和队医做预防决策。
足球运动员受伤带来个人、竞技和经济多重影响。现有机器学习方法多依赖静态赛前数据与二分类结果,实用性有限。本研究采用DeepHit深度生存模型,基于公开的SoccerMon数据集(含两名赛季的训练、比赛与健康记录),对精英女性足球运动员的受伤时间进行预测。数据经清洗、特征工程及三种插补策略处理;基准模型(随机森林、XGBoost、逻辑回归)通过网格搜索优化,DeepHit则采用多层感知机结构,使用时间序列与留一球员验证评估。DeepHit获得0.762的C-index,优于基线模型,并提供个体化、时变风险估计。SHAP分析识别出与已知风险因素一致的临床相关变量,增强可解释性。研究证明:基于DeepHit的生存建模在足球伤防中具备显著潜力,可提供精准、可解释、可操作的预警信息。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Injury occurrence in football poses significant challenges for athletes and teams, carrying personal, competitive, and financial consequences. While machine learning has been applied to injury prediction before, existing approaches often rely on static pre-season data and binary outcomes, limiting their real-world utility. This study investigates the feasibility of using a DeepHit neural network to forecast time-to-injury from longitudinal athlete monitoring data, while providing interpretable predictions. The analysis utilised the publicly available SoccerMon dataset, containing two seasons of training, match, and wellness records from elite female footballers. Data was pre-processed through cleaning, feature engineering, and the application of three imputation strategies. Baseline models (Random Forest, XGBoost, Logistic Regression) were optimised via grid search for benchmarking, while the DeepHit model, implemented with a multilayer perceptron backbone, was evaluated using chronological and leave-one-player-out (LOPO) validation. DeepHit achieved a concordance index of 0.762, outperforming baseline models and delivering individualised, time-varying risk estimates. Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) identified clinically relevant predictors consistent with established risk factors, enhancing interpretability. Overall, this study provides a novel proof of concept: survival modelling with DeepHit shows strong potential to advance injury forecasting in football, offering accurate, explainable, and actionable insights for injury prevention across competitive levels.
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