推动神经科学与AI深度融合，构建更高效智能的NeuroAI系统
NeuroAI and Beyond
- 以具身、语言、机器人等五大领域为切入点，探索神经科学与AI协同路径
- 提出NeuroAI概念，强调其可提升算法效率并深化对生物神经计算的理解
- 收录多位专家观点与SWOT分析，揭示该方向的潜力与挑战
近年来，神经科学与人工智能（AI）取得了显著进展，但二者仍联系松散。基于2025年8月举办的研讨会，本文梳理了两领域当前及未来可能的协同发展方向，聚焦具身性、语言与沟通、机器人、人类与机器学习、类脑工程等子领域，总结已有成果并展望潜在新路径。我们倡导发展神经科学启发的人工智能（NeuroAI），认为其有望显著提升AI算法的范围与效率，同时改变我们对生物神经计算的理解。文中收录多位领军人物对NeuroAI的个人见解，并附上两位研究者与学生撰写的两个优势-劣势-机会-威胁（SWOT）分析，系统阐述NeuroAI带来的收益与风险。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have made significant progress in the past few years but have only been loosely inter-connected. Based on a workshop held in August 2025, we identify current and future areas of synergism between these two fields. We focus on the subareas of embodiment, language and communication, robotics, learning in humans and machines and Neuromorphic engineering to take stock of the progress made so far, and possible promising new future avenues. Overall, we advocate for the development of NeuroAI, a type of Neuroscience-informed Artificial Intelligence that, we argue, has the potential for significantly improving the scope and efficiency of AI algorithms while simultaneously changing the way we understand biological neural computations. We include personal statements from several leading researchers on their diverse views of NeuroAI. Two Strength-Weakness-Opportunities-Threat (SWOT) analyses by researchers and trainees are appended that describe the benefits and risks offered by NeuroAI.
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