新型超声成像技术实现大范围近似各向同性聚焦，提升微超声分辨率。
Orthogonal Plane-Wave Transmit-Receive Isotropic-Focusing Micro-Ultrasound (OPTIMUS) with Bias-Switchable Row-Column Arrays
- 采用可切换偏压的行-列阵列，实现全体积近各向同性聚焦
- 在模拟与实验中均验证了跨体积的高分辨率成像能力
- 适合需要高分辨率三维结构成像的生物组织研究
高质量的三维结构成像对现代超声探头仍是挑战。矩阵探头视场和元件数量受限，而传统行-列阵（RCAs）聚焦性能不足。相比之下，顶-底电极正交阵列（TOBE），也称可切换偏压行-列阵，能实现接近理想矩阵探头的各向同性聚焦，且视场超越传统行-列阵。本文提出的正交平面波发射接收各向同性聚焦微型超声（OPTIMUS）是一种新成像方案，利用TOBE阵列在广阔体积内实现近乎各向同性的聚焦。该方法扩展了类似的整体式编码行-列超声扩展扫描（HERCULES）方案，能够成像超出孔径阴影区域，如同典型的二维矩阵探头。通过散射体网格模拟评估体积内分辨率变化，并使用商用校准体模进行实验验证。实验采用自研制造的TOBE阵列、自定义偏置电子电路及科研超声系统完成。最后，通过离体成像评估其分辨组织结构信息的能力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
High quality structural volumetric imaging is a challenging goal to achieve with modern ultrasound transducers. Matrix probes have limited fields of view and element counts, whereas row-column arrays (RCAs) provide insufficient focusing. In contrast, Top-Orthogonal-to-Bottom-Electrode (TOBE) arrays, also known as bias-switchable RCAs can enable isotropic focusing on par with ideal matrix probes, with a field of view surpassing conventional RCAs. Orthogonal Plane-Wave Transmit-Receive Isotropic-Focusing Micro-Ultrasound (OPTIMUS) is a novel imaging scheme that can use TOBE arrays to achieve nearly isotropic focusing throughout an expansive volume. This approach extends upon a similar volumetric imaging scheme, Hadamard Encoded Row Column Ultrasonic Expansive Scanning (HERCULES), that is even able to image beyond the shadow of the aperture, much like typical 2D matrix probes. We simulate a grid of scatterers to evaluate how the resolution varies across the volume, and validate these simulations experimentally using a commercial calibration phantom. Experimental measurements were done with a custom fabricated TOBE array, custom biasing electronics, and a research ultrasound system. Finally we performed ex-vivo imaging to assess our ability to discern structural tissue information.
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