用开放AIS数据高精度绘制东京湾船舶活动图谱。
High-Resolution Mapping of Port Dynamics from Open-Access AIS Data in Tokyo Bay
- 基于开源AIS数据，重建30米分辨率的船舶活动分布。
- 发现湾区日均进出船354艘，平均吨位1.19万吨，大型船占比上升。
- 在城市区可反推被动接收站位置，适合港口与交通研究者。
港口及主要工业区的船舶活动信息有助于洞察经济趋势，支持航运与港口决策，并提升海上安全。来自陆基自动识别系统（AIS）的船舶数据日益开放，我们证明这些数据可用于高分辨率、精度接近官方统计的港口活动推断。分析2024年三个月内东京湾（日本人口最密集区域）的公开AIS数据，考虑数据覆盖不均问题，以约30米分辨率重建船舶活动，识别出七个主要港区共161个活跃泊位。分析期内，任意时刻湾内平均有35±17艘船移动，每日进出湾口的船数为293±22（统计误差）+65−10（系统误差），平均总吨位为11,860⁺²⁸⁰₋₅₀。数据表明东京湾商业航运正呈现船舶数量减少但单体规模扩大的长期趋势。此外，在密集城市环境中，船舶AIS信号的无线电阴影可揭示被动接收站的精确位置。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Knowledge about vessel activity in port areas and around major industrial zones provides insights into economic trends, supports decision-making for shipping and port operators, and contributes to maritime safety. Vessel data from terrestrial receivers of the Automatic Identification System (AIS) have become increasingly openly available, and we demonstrate that such data can be used to infer port activities at high resolution and with precision comparable to official statistics. We analyze open-access AIS data from a three-month period in 2024 for Tokyo Bay, located in Japan's most densely populated urban region. Accounting for uneven data coverage, we reconstruct vessel activity in Tokyo Bay at $\sim\,$30~m resolution and identify 161 active berths across seven major port areas in the bay. During the analysis period, we find an average of $35\pm17_{\text{stat}}$ vessels moving within the bay at any given time, and $293\pm22_{\text{stat}}+65_{\text{syst}}-10_{\text{syst}}$ vessels entering or leaving the bay daily, with an average gross tonnage of $11{,}860^{+280}_{-\;\,50}$. These figures indicate an accelerating long-term trend toward fewer but larger vessels in Tokyo Bay's commercial traffic. Furthermore, we find that in dense urban environments, radio shadows in vessel AIS data can reveal the precise locations of inherently passive receiver stations.
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