用一套物联网系统同时管门禁和环境安全，实时云端分析且成本低。
Dual-Modality IoT Framework for Integrated Access Control and Environmental Safety Monitoring with Real-Time Cloud Analytics
- 双模架构整合门禁与环境监测，用ESP32处理数据并无线传输。
- 99.2%识别准确率，0.82秒响应，98.5%火焰检测成功率，云日志成功率达99.8%。
- 低成本（约48美元），断网仍可本地缓存，适合各类场景部署。
将物理安防系统与环境安全监测集成是智能基础设施管理的关键进步。传统方案将两类系统分立运行，导致效率低下、应急响应延迟及管理复杂。本文提出一种基于双模态物联网的综合框架，通过统一云架构无缝集成基于RFID的门禁控制与多传感器环境安全监测。系统包含两个协同子系统：子系统1实现基于伺服电机的闸机控制与实时谷歌表格日志记录；子系统2涵盖火焰检测、水流测量、液晶屏状态显示与人员识别。两者均采用ESP32微控制器进行边缘计算与无线连接。45天实测表明：RFID认证准确率达99.2%，平均响应时间0.82秒；5米内火焰检测可靠度达98.5%；云端数据日志成功率99.8%。系统在网络中断时通过智能本地缓存维持运行，并实现总成本5,400塔卡（约48美元），较商用集成方案降低82%。该研究验证了通过合理设计与组件优化，可实现专业级性能的安-环协同集成，兼具高性价比与广泛应用潜力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The integration of physical security systems with environmental safety monitoring represents a critical advancement in smart infrastructure management. Traditional approaches maintain these systems as independent silos, creating operational inefficiencies, delayed emergency responses, and increased management complexity. This paper presents a comprehensive dual-modality Internet of Things framework that seamlessly integrates RFID-based access control with multi-sensor environmental safety monitoring through a unified cloud architecture. The system comprises two coordinated subsystems: Subsystem 1 implements RFID authentication with servo-actuated gate control and real-time Google Sheets logging, while Subsystem 2 provides comprehensive safety monitoring incorporating flame detection, water flow measurement, LCD status display, and personnel identification. Both subsystems utilize ESP32 microcontrollers for edge processing and wireless connectivity. Experimental evaluation over 45 days demonstrates exceptional performance metrics: 99.2\% RFID authentication accuracy with 0.82-second average response time, 98.5\% flame detection reliability within 5-meter range, and 99.8\% cloud data logging success rate. The system maintains operational integrity during network disruptions through intelligent local caching mechanisms and achieves total implementation cost of 5,400 BDT (approximately \$48), representing an 82\% reduction compared to commercial integrated solutions. This research establishes a practical framework for synergistic security-safety integration, demonstrating that professional-grade performance can be achieved through careful architectural design and component optimization while maintaining exceptional cost-effectiveness and accessibility for diverse application scenarios.
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