通过意图-上下文耦合,高效实现多轮越狱攻击
ICON: Intent-Context Coupling for Efficient Multi-Turn Jailbreak Attack
- 将恶意意图导向语义匹配的上下文模式,生成权威风格攻击序列
- 在8个SOTA模型上平均攻击成功率达97.1%,显著优于现有方法
- 适合研究大模型安全与对抗攻击的学者和工程师
多轮越狱攻击已成为大型语言模型(LLMs)的重大威胁,通过逐步构建对抗性上下文并迭代优化提示词来绕过安全机制。然而,现有方法在逐步交互中效率低下,且常因表面优化陷入次优区域。本文揭示了意图-上下文耦合现象:当恶意意图与语义一致的上下文模式结合时,模型的安全约束显著放松。基于此,我们提出ICON框架,通过先验引导的语义路由,高效构建权威风格上下文。具体而言,ICON将恶意意图路由至匹配的上下文模式(如科学研究),生成攻击提示序列,逐步构建权威上下文并诱导违规内容输出。此外,引入分层优化策略,结合局部提示微调与全局上下文切换,防止攻击停滞于无效上下文。在8个SOTA LLM上的实验表明,ICON达到97.1%的平均攻击成功率(ASR),创下新纪录。代码已公开于https://github.com/xwlin-roy/ICON。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Multi-turn jailbreak attacks have emerged as a critical threat to Large Language Models (LLMs), bypassing safety mechanisms by progressively constructing adversarial contexts from scratch and incrementally refining prompts. However, existing methods suffer from the inefficiency of incremental context construction that requires step-by-step LLM interaction, and often stagnate in suboptimal regions due to surface-level optimization. In this paper, we characterize the Intent-Context Coupling phenomenon, revealing that LLM safety constraints are significantly relaxed when a malicious intent is coupled with a semantically congruent context pattern. Driven by this insight, we propose ICON, an automated multi-turn jailbreak framework that efficiently constructs an authoritative-style context via prior-guided semantic routing. Specifically, ICON first routes the malicious intent to a congruent context pattern (e.g., Scientific Research) and instantiates it into an attack prompt sequence. This sequence progressively builds the authoritative-style context and ultimately elicits prohibited content. In addition, ICON incorporates a Hierarchical Optimization Strategy that combines local prompt refinement with global context switching, preventing the attack from stagnating in ineffective contexts. Experimental results across eight SOTA LLMs demonstrate the effectiveness of ICON, achieving a state-of-the-art average Attack Success Rate (ASR) of 97.1\%. Code is available at https://github.com/xwlin-roy/ICON.
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