用人流数据提升地图兴趣点的语义理解,让系统知道一个地方是干啥的。
Mobility-Embedded POIs: Learning What A Place Is and How It Is Used from Human Movement
- 融合语言模型与人流轨迹,学习不依赖上下文的地点使用特征
- 在五个新任务中均超越纯文本或纯轨迹方法,部分任务胜过纯文本模型
- 适合做地图智能、位置推荐等需要理解地点功能的应用
近期地理空间基础模型的发展凸显了学习通用位置表征的重要性,尤其是人类活动集中的兴趣点(POI)。现有方法主要依赖静态文本元数据来识别地点,或基于轨迹上下文学习表征,后者捕捉的是移动规律而非地点的实际用途(即功能)。本文认为,地点功能是构建通用POI表征中缺失但关键的信号。为此提出Mobility-Embedded POIs(ME-POIs)框架,将语言模型生成的POI嵌入与大规模人流数据结合,学习以地点为中心、与上下文无关的真实使用表征。通过对比学习对个体访问进行时间上下文嵌入,并与可学习的POI表示对齐,以捕捉跨用户和时间的使用模式。针对长尾稀疏问题,提出一种多尺度传播机制,将邻近高频访问地点的时空访问模式迁移至其他地点。在五个新提出的地图增强任务上评估,结果表明,在所有任务中,引入ME-POIs后,文本嵌入表现均优于纯文本和纯轨迹基线;尤其值得注意的是,仅使用人流数据训练的ME-POIs在某些任务上已超过纯文本模型,说明地点功能是构建准确且可泛化的POI表征的核心要素。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Recent progress in geospatial foundation models highlights the importance of learning general-purpose representations for real-world locations, particularly points-of-interest (POIs) where human activity concentrates. Existing approaches, however, focus primarily on place identity derived from static textual metadata, or learn representations tied to trajectory context, which capture movement regularities rather than how places are actually used (i.e., POI's function). We argue that POI function is a missing but essential signal for general POI representations. We introduce Mobility-Embedded POIs (ME-POIs), a framework that augments POI embeddings derived, from language models with large-scale human mobility data to learn POI-centric, context-independent representations grounded in real-world usage. ME-POIs encodes individual visits as temporally contextualized embeddings and aligns them with learnable POI representations via contrastive learning to capture usage patterns across users and time. To address long-tail sparsity, we propose a novel mechanism that propagates temporal visit patterns from nearby, frequently visited POIs across multiple spatial scales. We evaluate ME-POIs on five newly proposed map enrichment tasks, testing its ability to capture both the identity and function of POIs. Across all tasks, augmenting text-based embeddings with ME-POIs consistently outperforms both text-only and mobility-only baselines. Notably, ME-POIs trained on mobility data alone can surpass text-only models on certain tasks, highlighting that POI function is a critical component of accurate and generalizable POI representations.
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