arXiv:2601.21363cs.RO2026-01被引 4

用大批次SAC预训练+模型驱动微调,实现人形机器人高效迁移。

Towards Bridging the Gap between Large-Scale Pretraining and Efficient Finetuning for Humanoid Control

  • 大批次SAC结合高更新比例,支持大规模仿真预训练
  • 预训练策略可零样本部署到真实机器人并成功微调新环境
  • 用世界模型隔离探索,提升适应过程的安全性与效率

强化学习广泛用于人形机器人控制。基于策略的PPO方法通过大规模并行仿真实现鲁棒训练,甚至支持零样本部署至真实机器人,但其样本效率低,难以安全适应新环境。尽管离策略强化学习和模型基强化学习提升了样本效率,人形机器人在大规模预训练与高效微调之间的差距依然存在。本文发现,采用大批次更新和高更新-数据比(UTD)的离策略软动作价值算法(SAC),可稳定支持人形机器人运动策略的大规模预训练,并实现零样本真实部署。对于适应任务,我们证明这些SAC预训练策略可通过模型基方法在新环境和分布外任务中高效微调:新环境中的数据采集采用确定性策略,而随机探索仅限于物理信息驱动的世界模型中。这种分离机制在保持探索覆盖的同时降低了适应过程中的随机探索风险。整体方法结合了预训练阶段的大规模仿真效率与微调阶段的模型基学习样本效率。代码与视频见https://lift-humanoid.github.io

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Reinforcement learning (RL) is widely used for humanoid control, with on-policy methods such as Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) enabling robust training via large-scale parallel simulation and, in some cases, zero-shot deployment to real robots. However, the low sample efficiency of on-policy algorithms limits safe adaptation to new environments. Although off-policy RL and model-based RL have shown improved sample efficiency, the gap between large-scale pretraining and efficient finetuning on humanoids still exists. In this paper, we find that off-policy Soft Actor-Critic (SAC), with large-batch update and a high Update-To-Data (UTD) ratio, reliably supports large-scale pretraining of humanoid locomotion policies, achieving zero-shot deployment on real robots. For adaptation, we demonstrate that these SAC-pretrained policies can be finetuned in new environments and out-of-distribution tasks using model-based methods. Data collection in the new environment executes a deterministic policy while stochastic exploration is instead confined to a physics-informed world model. This separation mitigates the risks of random exploration during adaptation while preserving exploratory coverage for improvement. Overall, the approach couples the wall-clock efficiency of large-scale simulation during pretraining with the sample efficiency of model-based learning during fine-tuning. For code and videos, see https://lift-humanoid.github.io

强化学习人形机器人模型基高效微调

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