用大模型增强的扩散模型,精准预测网络流量矩阵变化。
Accurate Network Traffic Matrix Prediction via LEAD: a Large Language Model-Enhanced Adapter-Based Conditional Diffusion Model
- 将流量数据转为图像,用视觉模型捕捉全局依赖关系
- 大模型冻结+可训练适配器,低开销实现时序语义建模
- 双条件引导生成,支持长程预测且误差增长缓慢
随着6G和AI原生边缘智能的发展,网络运维需在严苛计算与延迟约束下实现预测性、风险感知的自适应。网络流量矩阵(TM)是主动流量工程的基础信号,但其随机性、非线性和突发特性使得准确预测极具挑战。现有判别模型常出现过平滑问题,且缺乏不确定性感知,极端突发情况下表现不佳。为此,我们提出LEAD:一种大语言模型增强的适配器型条件扩散模型。首先,采用“流量转图像”范式将流量矩阵转化为RGB图像,利用视觉骨干网络建模全局依赖。其次,设计“冻结大模型+可训练适配器”架构,在有限算力下高效捕捉时序语义。此外,提出双条件策略,精确引导扩散模型生成复杂动态流量矩阵。在Abilene和GEANT数据集上的实验表明,LEAD显著优于所有基线模型。在Abilene数据集上,相对于最佳基线,均方根误差(RMSE)降低45.2%,一步预测误差为0.1098,20步预测仅升至0.1134;在GEANT数据集上,20步预测的RMSE为0.0258,比最佳基线低27.3%。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Driven by the evolution toward 6G and AI-native edge intelligence, network operations increasingly require predictive and risk-aware adaptation under stringent computation and latency constraints. Network Traffic Matrix (TM), which characterizes flow volumes between nodes, is a fundamental signal for proactive traffic engineering. However, accurate TM forecasting remains challenging due to the stochastic, non-linear, and bursty nature of network dynamics. Existing discriminative models often suffer from over-smoothing and provide limited uncertainty awareness, leading to poor fidelity under extreme bursts. To address these limitations, we propose LEAD, a Large Language Model (LLM)-Enhanced Adapter-based conditional Diffusion model. First, LEAD adopts a "Traffic-to-Image" paradigm to transform traffic matrices into RGB images, enabling global dependency modeling via vision backbones. Then, we design a "Frozen LLM with Trainable Adapter" model, which efficiently captures temporal semantics with limited computational cost. Moreover, we propose a Dual-Conditioning Strategy to precisely guide a diffusion model to generate complex, dynamic network traffic matrices. Experiments on the Abilene and GEANT datasets demonstrate that LEAD outperforms all baselines. On the Abilene dataset, LEAD attains a remarkable 45.2% reduction in RMSE against the best baseline, with the error margin rising only marginally from 0.1098 at one-step to 0.1134 at 20-step predictions. Meanwhile, on the GEANT dataset, LEAD achieves a 0.0258 RMSE at 20-step prediction horizon which is 27.3% lower than the best baseline.
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