arXiv:2601.21454cs.ROcs.CV2026-01

4D雷达与摄像头联合标定与自动标注,提升自动驾驶感知效率

4D-CAAL: 4D Radar-Camera Calibration and Auto-Labeling for Autonomous Driving

  • 设计双模校准靶标,兼顾相机与雷达检测需求
  • 通过特征点匹配实现厘米级标定精度,误差小于1.5cm
  • 将图像标注自动投影到雷达点云,大幅减少人工标注工作量

4D雷达因具备俯仰角测量和更高分辨率能力,已成为自动驾驶关键传感器。实现其与摄像头的有效融合需精确外参标定,且雷达感知算法的发展依赖大规模标注数据集。然而现有方法常使用针对视觉或雷达单独优化的标定目标,导致对应关系难建立;同时手动标注稀疏雷达数据费时且不可靠。为此,我们提出4D-CAAL框架,统一实现4D雷达-相机标定与自动标注。创新设计双用途标定靶标:前表面为棋盘格用于相机检测,背面中心设角反射器用于雷达检测。提出鲁棒对应匹配算法,将棋盘中心与最强雷达回波点对齐,实现高精度外参标定。随后构建自动标注流程,利用标定后的传感器关系,通过几何投影与多特征优化,将图像分割标注迁移至雷达点云。大量实验表明,该方法在保证高标定精度的同时显著降低人工标注成本,加速多模态感知系统开发。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

4D radar has emerged as a critical sensor for autonomous driving, primarily due to its enhanced capabilities in elevation measurement and higher resolution compared to traditional 3D radar. Effective integration of 4D radar with cameras requires accurate extrinsic calibration, and the development of radar-based perception algorithms demands large-scale annotated datasets. However, existing calibration methods often employ separate targets optimized for either visual or radar modalities, complicating correspondence establishment. Furthermore, manually labeling sparse radar data is labor-intensive and unreliable. To address these challenges, we propose 4D-CAAL, a unified framework for 4D radar-camera calibration and auto-labeling. Our approach introduces a novel dual-purpose calibration target design, integrating a checkerboard pattern on the front surface for camera detection and a corner reflector at the center of the back surface for radar detection. We develop a robust correspondence matching algorithm that aligns the checkerboard center with the strongest radar reflection point, enabling accurate extrinsic calibration. Subsequently, we present an auto-labeling pipeline that leverages the calibrated sensor relationship to transfer annotations from camera-based segmentations to radar point clouds through geometric projection and multi-feature optimization. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method achieves high calibration accuracy while significantly reducing manual annotation effort, thereby accelerating the development of robust multi-modal perception systems for autonomous driving.

自动驾驶传感器融合4D雷达自动标注

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