让大模型自己评自己,通过对话不断优化判断力。
Conversation for Non-verifiable Learning: Self-Evolving LLMs through Meta-Evaluation
- 多智能体对话中互评互改,用改进效果反哺评判标准
- 无需人工标注或真值,训练中自动生成高质量评估信号
- 适合需要主观判断的创作、对话等非可验证任务
在缺乏真值标签的非可验证任务(如创意写作、对话生成、伦理推理)中训练大语言模型仍具挑战。尽管基于大模型作为裁判(LLM-as-Judge)的方法可实现规模化评估,但其性能受限于裁判自身质量:若裁判无法识别优质解,则无法提供有效训练信号,且易产生偏好冗长而非质量的评价偏差。为此,本文提出元评估机制——评估并改进评估者本身。我们提出CoNL框架,通过多智能体自洽对弈统一生成、评估与元评估流程。核心思想:批评质量可通过其是否帮助他人改进解决方案来衡量。在CoNL中,共享同一策略的多个智能体进行结构化对话,提出、批判并修订方案;能促进改进的批评获得诊断奖励,从而为元评估提供显式监督信号。该机制使生成与评判能力在无外部裁判或真值的情况下,通过自洽对弈联合优化。实验表明,CoNL在多个基准上持续优于自奖励基线,且训练稳定。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Training large language models (LLMs) for non-verifiable tasks, such as creative writing, dialogue, and ethical reasoning, remains challenging due to the absence of ground-truth labels. While LLM-as-Judge approaches offer a scalable alternative to human feedback, they face a fundamental limitation: performance is constrained by the evaluator's own quality. If the judge cannot recognize good solutions, it cannot provide useful training signals, and evaluation biases (e.g., favoring verbosity over quality) remain unaddressed. This motivates meta-evaluation: the ability to evaluate and improve the evaluator itself. We introduce CoNL, a framework that unifies generation, evaluation, and meta-evaluation through multi-agent self-play. Our key insight: critique quality can be measured by whether it helps others improve their solutions. In CoNL, multiple agents sharing the same policy engage in structured conversations to propose, critique, and revise solutions. Critiques that enable solution improvements earn a diagnostic reward, creating explicit supervision for meta-evaluation and enabling joint optimization of generation and judging capabilities through self-play, without external judges or ground truth. Experiments on various benchmarks show that CoNL achieves consistent improvements over self-rewarding baselines while maintaining stable training.
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