arXiv:2601.21506cs.ROcs.SY2026-01被引 6

用双系统架构让机器人实时导航更智能,反应快且懂语义。

IROS: A Dual-Process Architecture for Real-Time VLM-Based Indoor Navigation

  • 分两层处理:快速反应与慢速推理结合,只在必要时调用大模型。
  • 在5个真实建筑中,决策准确率提升,延迟降低66%。
  • 适合嵌入式设备部署,适用于需要实时语义理解的室内导航场景。

室内移动机器人导航需兼顾快速响应与鲁棒的语义理解,但现有方法难以同时满足。传统几何方法如SLAM提供可靠定位,依赖详细地图,无法解析人类导向提示(如标识牌、房间号);视觉-语言-动作(VLA)模型引入语义理解,但仅基于可见帧,无法预判未知交叉口或推理远距离文本线索;视觉-语言模型(VLM)具备更强上下文推理能力,却因高计算延迟,难以在边缘设备上实现实时运行。本文提出IROS,一种结合VLM级上下文推理与轻量感知模块的实时导航框架,部署于低成本本地硬件。受双过程理论启发,IROS将快速反射决策(系统一)与缓慢深思推理(系统二)分离,仅在必要时调用VLM。通过融合紧凑型VLM与空间及文本线索,IROS实现类人导航,延迟极低。在五个真实建筑中,相比持续使用VLM的导航方式,决策准确率提升,延迟降低66%。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Indoor mobile robot navigation requires fast responsiveness and robust semantic understanding, yet existing methods struggle to provide both. Classical geometric approaches such as SLAM offer reliable localization but depend on detailed maps and cannot interpret human-targeted cues (e.g., signs, room numbers) essential for indoor reasoning. Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models introduce semantic grounding but remain strictly reactive, basing decisions only on visible frames and failing to anticipate unseen intersections or reason about distant textual cues. Vision-Language Models (VLMs) provide richer contextual inference but suffer from high computational latency, making them unsuitable for real-time operation on embedded platforms. In this work, we present IROS, a real-time navigation framework that combines VLM-level contextual reasoning with the efficiency of lightweight perceptual modules on low-cost, on-device hardware. Inspired by Dual Process Theory, IROS separates fast reflexive decisions (System One) from slow deliberative reasoning (System Two), invoking the VLM only when necessary. Furthermore, by augmenting compact VLMs with spatial and textual cues, IROS delivers robust, human-like navigation with minimal latency. Across five real-world buildings, IROS improves decision accuracy and reduces latency by 66% compared to continuous VLM-based navigation.

机器人导航视觉语言模型实时系统双过程架构

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。