arXiv:2601.21529cs.LG2026-01

提出新型洛伦兹神经网络,让双曲几何计算更高效稳定。

Fast and Geometrically Grounded Lorentz Neural Networks

  • 基于超平面距离公式重构洛伦兹线性层,解决梯度累积问题。
  • 输出双曲范数随训练步数线性增长,而非对数增长。
  • 结合激活函数与缓存策略,性能逼近欧氏神经网络。

双曲空间正成为层次化与鲁棒表征学习的有力几何工具。核心挑战在于构建兼具高效性与双曲几何特性的数学框架。洛伦兹模型虽支持快速前向与反向传播,但现有洛伦兹线性层导致输出双曲范数随梯度下降步数呈对数增长,削弱了双曲几何优势。本文提出一种基于经典‘到超平面距离’公式的新型洛伦兹线性层,证明其可实现输出双曲范数与训练步数的常规线性增长。结合洛伦兹激活函数与新缓存策略,所提方法在完全遵循双曲几何的同时,显著缩小了与欧氏神经网络的计算差距。代码已开源:https://github.com/robertdvdk/hyperbolic-fully-connected。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Hyperbolic space is quickly gaining traction as a promising geometry for hierarchical and robust representation learning. A core open challenge is the development of a mathematical formulation of hyperbolic neural networks that is both efficient and captures the key properties of hyperbolic space. The Lorentz model of hyperbolic space has been shown to enable both fast forward and backward propagation. However, we prove that, with the current formulation of Lorentz linear layers, the hyperbolic norms of the outputs scale logarithmically with the number of gradient descent steps, nullifying the key advantage of hyperbolic geometry. We propose a new Lorentz linear layer grounded in the well-known ``distance-to-hyperplane" formulation. We prove that our formulation results in the usual linear scaling of output hyperbolic norms with respect to the number of gradient descent steps. Our new formulation, together with further algorithmic efficiencies through Lorentzian activation functions and a new caching strategy results in neural networks fully abiding by hyperbolic geometry while simultaneously bridging the computation gap to Euclidean neural networks. Code available at: https://github.com/robertdvdk/hyperbolic-fully-connected.

双曲神经网络洛伦兹模型高效计算

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