自动化构建智能体轨迹与可验证环境,提升工具型语言模型的长程决策能力。
ASTRA: Automated Synthesis of agentic Trajectories and Reinforcement Arenas
- 基于工具调用图结构自动生成多样化任务路径,增强泛化能力。
- 将问答流程转为可执行、可验证的代码环境,支持确定性强化学习。
- 结合监督微调与在线强化学习,平衡任务完成率与交互效率,适合研究智能体训练者。
大型语言模型(LLMs)越来越多地被用于多步骤决策的工具增强型智能体,但训练稳健的工具使用智能体仍具挑战性。现有方法仍需人工干预,依赖不可验证的模拟环境,仅采用监督微调(SFT)或强化学习(RL),且难以实现稳定长周期、多轮学习。为此,我们提出ASTRA,一个完全自动化的端到端框架,通过可扩展的数据合成与可验证的强化学习训练工具增强的语言模型智能体。ASTRA集成两个互补组件:一是利用工具调用图的静态拓扑结构生成多样、结构化的轨迹,赋予广泛且可迁移的工具使用能力;二是环境生成框架,捕捉人类语义推理的丰富组合拓扑,将分解的问答轨迹转化为独立、可执行、规则可验证的环境,支持确定性的多轮强化学习。基于此方法,我们构建统一训练范式,结合SFT与在线强化学习,以轨迹级奖励平衡任务完成度与交互效率。在多个工具使用基准上的实验表明,ASTRA训练模型在相近规模下达到顶尖性能,接近闭源系统水平,同时保持核心推理能力。项目代码、环境及训练模型已开源:https://github.com/LianjiaTech/astra。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as tool-augmented agents for multi-step decision making, yet training robust tool-using agents remains challenging. Existing methods still require manual intervention, depend on non-verifiable simulated environments, rely exclusively on either supervised fine-tuning (SFT) or reinforcement learning (RL), and struggle with stable long-horizon, multi-turn learning. To address these challenges, we introduce ASTRA, a fully automated end-to-end framework for training tool-augmented language model agents via scalable data synthesis and verifiable reinforcement learning. ASTRA integrates two complementary components. First, a pipeline that leverages the static topology of tool-call graphs synthesizes diverse, structurally grounded trajectories, instilling broad and transferable tool-use competence. Second, an environment synthesis framework that captures the rich, compositional topology of human semantic reasoning converts decomposed question-answer traces into independent, code-executable, and rule-verifiable environments, enabling deterministic multi-turn RL. Based on this method, we develop a unified training methodology that integrates SFT with online RL using trajectory-level rewards to balance task completion and interaction efficiency. Experiments on multiple agentic tool-use benchmarks demonstrate that ASTRA-trained models achieve state-of-the-art performance at comparable scales, approaching closed-source systems while preserving core reasoning ability. We release the full pipelines, environments, and trained models at https://github.com/LianjiaTech/astra.
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