用主动采样提升场预测模型精度,少调用黑箱模拟也能准。
Goal-Driven Adaptive Sampling Strategies for Machine Learning Models Predicting Fields
- 基于高斯过程设计无架构依赖的主动采样策略,兼顾标量与场预测误差。
- 在NASA CRM模型上实现高精度不确定性传播,采样次数减少超50%。
- 适合需要高效模拟的工程优化、流体仿真等场景的科研人员。
机器学习模型被广泛用于应对计算流体动力学等昂贵黑箱模拟带来的多查询挑战。然而,在保证特定任务所需精度的前提下,以最少的黑箱样本实现目标仍具挑战。尽管主动学习策略已用于标量值预测,但针对场预测的扩展仍不充分或仅限于特定场景和模型类型。本文提出一种适用于场预测机器学习模型的主动学习策略,该策略对模型架构无依赖性。方法结合成熟的高斯过程标量参考值建模,同时最小化认知误差及标量与场预测间的差异。引入多种具体形式并进行对比,结果表明其显著优于仅基于标量的采样策略。在NASA常见研究模型(CRM)的不确定性传播任务中,实现高精度的同时大幅降低计算成本。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Machine learning models are widely regarded as a way forward to tackle multi-query challenges that arise once expensive black-box simulations such as computational fluid dynamics are investigated. However, ensuring the desired level of accuracy for a certain task at minimal computational cost, e.g. as few black-box samples as possible, remains a challenges. Active learning strategies are used for scalar quantities to overcome this challenges and different so-called infill criteria exists and are commonly employed in several scenarios. Even though needed in various field an extension of active learning strategies towards field predictions is still lacking or limited to very specific scenarios and/or model types. In this paper we propose an active learning strategy for machine learning models that are capable if predicting field which is agnostic to the model architecture itself. For doing so, we combine a well-established Gaussian process model for a scalar reference value and simultaneously aim at reducing the epistemic model error and the difference between scalar and field predictions. Different specific forms of the above-mentioned approach are introduced and compared to each other as well as only scalar-valued based infill. Results are presented for the NASA common research model for an uncertainty propagation task showcasing high level of accuracy at significantly smaller cost compared to an approach without active learning.
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