在数据含异常的情况下,仍能精准检测并定位异常。
Multi-Cue Anomaly Detection and Localization under Data Contamination
- 融合统计偏差、预测不确定性和空间异常三类得分,统一评分
- 仅用少量标注异常样本,仍可在污染数据中保持高性能
- 支持梯度回传定位,结果直观可解释,适合工业质检场景
真实工业环境中的视觉异常检测面临两大挑战:一是现有方法多假设训练数据纯净,但实际数据常被异常污染;二是缺乏标注异常样本,难以学习真正异常的特征。因此模型常混淆正常与异常,导致检测和定位性能下降。本文提出一种鲁棒异常检测框架,将有限异常监督融入自适应偏差学习。设计复合异常分数,结合统计异常性、基于熵的不确定性以及基于分割的空间异常性三个互补分量,实现精准检测并支持梯度驱动的定位,提供可解释的视觉证据。在少量异常样本下训练的同时,通过自适应实例加权缓解污染数据影响。在MVTec和VisA基准上的大量实验表明,该框架优于当前最优基线,在不同污染程度下均实现强检测、定位性能及鲁棒性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Visual anomaly detection in real-world industrial settings faces two major limitations. First, most existing methods are trained on purely normal data or on unlabeled datasets assumed to be predominantly normal, presuming the absence of contamination, an assumption that is rarely satisfied in practice. Second, they assume no access to labeled anomaly samples, limiting the model from learning discriminative characteristics of true anomalies. Therefore, these approaches often struggle to distinguish anomalies from normal instances, resulting in reduced detection and weak localization performance. In real-world applications, where training data are frequently contaminated with anomalies, such methods fail to deliver reliable performance. In this work, we propose a robust anomaly detection framework that integrates limited anomaly supervision into the adaptive deviation learning paradigm. We introduce a composite anomaly score that combines three complementary components: a deviation score capturing statistical irregularity, an entropy-based uncertainty score reflecting predictive inconsistency, and a segmentation-based score highlighting spatial abnormality. This unified scoring mechanism enables accurate detection and supports gradient-based localization, providing intuitive and explainable visual evidence of anomalous regions. Following the few-anomaly paradigm, we incorporate a small set of labeled anomalies during training while simultaneously mitigating the influence of contaminated samples through adaptive instance weighting. Extensive experiments on the MVTec and VisA benchmarks demonstrate that our framework outperforms state-of-the-art baselines and achieves strong detection and localization performance, interpretability, and robustness under various levels of data contamination.
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