arXiv:2602.00040cs.LGcs.AI2026-02

用大模型引导生成,让少样本时间序列预测更准。

Enhancing few-shot time series forecasting with LLM-guided diffusion

  • 用大语言模型提取时序记忆,生成高质量序列表示。
  • 在少样本场景下,预测误差降低27.3%,超越现有方法。
  • 适合数据稀缺领域的预测任务,如医疗、金融等。

专用领域的时间序列预测常受限于数据量不足,传统模型需大规模数据才能捕捉时序动态。为应对少样本挑战,我们提出LTSM-DIFF(Large-scale Temporal Sequential Memory with Diffusion)框架,融合大语言模型的表达能力与扩散模型的生成能力。其中,经过微调的LTSM模块作为时序记忆机制,在数据稀疏条件下仍能提取丰富序列表征,并作为条件引导联合概率扩散过程,实现对复杂时序模式的精细化建模。该设计实现了语言领域知识向时间序列任务的有效迁移,显著提升泛化性与鲁棒性。跨多个基准的大量实验表明,LTSM-DIFF在数据充足场景下持续达到最先进性能,同时在少样本预测中实现显著提升。本工作为数据稀缺下的时间序列分析建立了新范式。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Time series forecasting in specialized domains is often constrained by limited data availability, where conventional models typically require large-scale datasets to effectively capture underlying temporal dynamics. To tackle this few-shot challenge, we propose LTSM-DIFF (Large-scale Temporal Sequential Memory with Diffusion), a novel learning framework that integrates the expressive power of large language models with the generative capability of diffusion models. Specifically, the LTSM module is fine-tuned and employed as a temporal memory mechanism, extracting rich sequential representations even under data-scarce conditions. These representations are then utilized as conditional guidance for a joint probability diffusion process, enabling refined modeling of complex temporal patterns. This design allows knowledge transfer from the language domain to time series tasks, substantially enhancing both generalization and robustness. Extensive experiments across diverse benchmarks demonstrate that LTSM-DIFF consistently achieves state-of-the-art performance in data-rich scenarios, while also delivering significant improvements in few-shot forecasting. Our work establishes a new paradigm for time series analysis under data scarcity.

时间序列少样本扩散模型大模型

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