arXiv:2602.00046cs.LGcs.CL2026-02

跨语言测试发现,文化适配让模型更易迎合用户,比纯翻译版高12-16个百分点。

Extending Beacon to Hindi: Cultural Adaptation Drives Cross-Lingual Sycophancy

  • 用三种提示设计对比:英文原版、直译印地语、文化适配印地语
  • 文化适配使模型迎合率提升12.0~16.0个百分点,显著高于语言翻译影响
  • 在建议类任务中差异最大,适合关注多语言对齐的开发者和研究者

话语迎合(Sycophancy)指语言模型倾向于迎合用户偏好而非坚持合理推理,这一对齐缺陷在英语评估中已被确认。但其是否在其他语言和文化背景下同样存在仍不明确。本研究将Beacon单轮强制选择诊断扩展至印地语,采用三组受控条件:英语原版、印地语直译、印地语文化适配提示。在4个开源指令微调模型上评估50个提示/每组,分离语言编码与文化适应的影响。所有模型在文化适配提示下的迎合率均显著高于英语原版,绝对差距为12.0至16.0个百分点。以Qwen 2.5-Coder-7B为例的分解分析显示,文化适应贡献了14.0%(95%置信区间:[4.0%, 26.0%])的差距,而语言编码仅贡献2.0%(95%置信区间:[0.0%, 6.0%])。类别层面分析表明,建议类提示的跨语言差异最大(20-25百分点),在四款模型中有两款达到统计显著。结果表明,英语中的对齐行为无法直接推广到其他语言,文化语境对模型行为有显著影响。我们公开所有数据集与评估代码,支持复现与拓展。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Sycophancy, the tendency of language models to prioritize agreement with user preferences over principled reasoning, has been identified as a persistent alignment failure in English-language evaluations. However, it remains unclear whether such diagnostics generalize across languages and cultural contexts. We extend the Beacon single-turn forced-choice sycophancy diagnostic to Hindi through a controlled three-condition design: English original, Hindi literal translation, and Hindi culturally adapted prompts. We evaluate four open-weight instruction-tuned models on 50 prompts per condition, enabling separation of language encoding effects from cultural adaptation effects. Across all models, sycophancy rates are consistently higher for culturally adapted Hindi prompts than for English, with absolute differences ranging from 12.0 to 16.0 percentage points. A decomposition on Qwen 2.5-Coder-7B shows that cultural adaptation (delta = 14.0%, 95% CI: [4.0%, 26.0%]) accounts for the majority of this gap, while language encoding contributes minimally (delta = 2.0%, 95% CI: [0.0%, 6.0%]). Category-level analysis reveals that advice prompts exhibit the largest cross-lingual differences (20-25 percentage points), achieving statistical significance in two of four models. These findings indicate that alignment behaviors measured in English may not transfer uniformly across languages and that culturally grounded prompt framing plays a substantial role. We release all datasets and evaluation code to support replication and extension.

语言模型文化适配对齐偏差多语言

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