arXiv:2602.00756cond-mat.mtrl-scics.LG2026-02

将实验数据与晶体结构文件对齐,让图神经网络更好预测材料性能。

A New Workflow for Materials Discovery Bridging the Gap Between Experimental Databases and Graph Neural Networks

  • 通过比对实验数据库与晶体结构文件,补全原子坐标信息。
  • 在磁性材料预测上,误差降低、分类准确率提升显著。
  • 适合材料发现与机器学习交叉研究者阅读。

将机器学习用于材料性能预测已成为加速材料发现的关键步骤。主要挑战在于训练数据严重不足,许多性质难以通过高通量第一性原理方法计算。为此,近期研究从科学文献中提取信息构建了实验数据库。然而,大多数现有实验数据库未提供完整的原子坐标信息,无法支持图神经网络(GNN)等先进机器学习模型。本文提出一种将实验数据库NEMAD与无机晶体结构数据库(ICSD)中的晶体结构文件(CIF)进行对齐的方法,以填补这一空白。该方法使新数据库能充分支持当前最先进的模型架构,并为迁移学习应用打开通道。为验证有效性,我们基于对齐后的数据训练模型,并与仅使用原始NEMAD数据的模型进行对比。结果表明,在预测磁性材料的有序温度和磁基态方面,平均绝对误差(MAE)和正确分类率(CCR)均显著提升。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Incorporating Machine Learning (ML) into material property prediction has become a crucial step in accelerating materials discovery. A key challenge is the severe lack of training data, as many properties are too complicated to calculate with high-throughput first principles techniques. To address this, recent research has created experimental databases from information extracted from scientific literature. However, most existing experimental databases do not provide full atomic coordinate information, which prevents them from supporting advanced ML architectures such as Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). In this work, we propose to bridge this gap through an alignment process between experimental databases and Crystallographic Information Files (CIF) from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD). Our approach enables the creation of a database that can fully leverage state-of-the-art model architectures for material property prediction. It also opens the door to utilizing transfer learning to improve prediction accuracy. To validate our approach, we align NEMAD with the ICSD and compare models trained on the resulting database to those trained on NEMAD originally. We demonstrate significant improvements in both Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Correct Classification Rate (CCR) in predicting the ordering temperatures and magnetic ground states of magnetic materials, respectively.

材料发现图神经网络实验数据迁移学习

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