arXiv:2602.01033cs.CV2026-02

无需标定物,用隐式几何结构自动校准多摄像头外参。

GMAC: Global Multi-View Constraint for Automatic Multi-Camera Extrinsic Calibration

  • 基于多视角重建网络的隐式几何表示建模外参为全局变量。
  • 在真实和合成数据上实现稳定准确的外参估计,无需3D重建。
  • 适合需要在线部署的复杂动态场景多相机系统。

多摄像头系统的自动标定(即空间外参精确估计)是三维重建、全景感知和多视角数据融合的基础。现有方法通常依赖标定板、显式几何建模或特定任务的神经网络,但在复杂动态环境或在线场景中鲁棒性差,难以实际部署。为此,本文提出GMAC——一种基于多视角重建网络学习的隐式几何表示的多摄像头外参估计框架。GMAC将外参视为受潜在多视角几何结构约束的全局变量,通过剪枝与结构重配置现有网络,使其隐层特征可直接支持轻量回归头输出外参,无需全新网络设计。同时,GMAC联合优化跨视图重投影一致性和多视角循环一致性,确保相机间几何一致性,提升预测精度与优化稳定性。在合成与真实多摄像头数据集上的实验表明,GMAC可在无显式3D重建或人工标定的情况下,实现准确稳定的外参估计,为多摄像头系统的高效部署与在线标定提供新方案。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Automatic calibration of multi-camera systems, namely the accurate estimation of spatial extrinsic parameters, is fundamental for 3D reconstruction, panoramic perception, and multi-view data fusion. Existing methods typically rely on calibration targets, explicit geometric modeling, or task-specific neural networks. Such approaches often exhibit limited robustness and applicability in complex dynamic environments or online scenarios, making them difficult to deploy in practical applications. To address this, this paper proposes GMAC, a multi-camera extrinsic estimation framework based on the implicit geometric representations learned by multi-view reconstruction networks. GMAC models extrinsics as global variables constrained by the latent multi-view geometric structure and prunes and structurally reconfigures existing networks so that their latent features can directly support extrinsic prediction through a lightweight regression head, without requiring a completely new network design. Furthermore, GMAC jointly optimizes cross-view reprojection consistency and multi-view cycle consistency, ensuring geometric coherence across cameras while improving prediction accuracy and optimization stability. Experiments on both synthetic and real-world multi-camera datasets demonstrate that GMAC achieves accurate and stable extrinsic estimation without explicit 3D reconstruction or manual calibration, providing a new solution for efficient deployment and online calibration of multi-camera systems.

多视角自动标定几何约束深度学习

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