通过密集交互训练,让大模型持续使用工具解决复杂问题。
ASTER: Agentic Scaling with Tool-integrated Extended Reasoning
- 用4000条高交互轨迹做冷启动,建立工具使用先验
- 在AIME 2025上达到90.0%准确率,超越主流开源模型
- 适合需要长期推理与工具调用的数学求解任务
强化学习(RL)已成为激发大语言模型(LLMs)长程推理能力的主要范式。然而,通过强化学习扩展工具集成推理(TIR)仍面临交互崩溃难题:模型在多轮工具使用中失效,退化为仅进行简单代码后验验证的内部推理。本文系统研究三个问题:(i) 冷启动监督微调如何生成具备代理行为的工具使用先验;(ii) 冷启动轨迹的交互密度如何影响探索与下游强化学习效果;(iii) 强化学习交互预算如何影响不同推理预算下的学习动态与泛化能力。为此提出ASTER(Agentic Scaling with Tool-integrated Extended Reasoning),通过聚焦高交互密度轨迹的冷启动策略规避崩溃。实验表明,仅4000条交互密集轨迹组成的专家冷启动集即可实现最优下游性能,为长周期强化学习提供稳健先验。大量评估显示,ASTER-4B在数学基准测试中取得领先结果,于AIME 2025达到90.0%准确率,超越当前主流开源模型如DeepSeek-V3.2-Exp。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a dominant paradigm for eliciting long-horizon reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs). However, scaling Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) via RL remains challenging due to interaction collapse: a pathological state where models fail to sustain multi-turn tool usage, instead degenerating into heavy internal reasoning with only trivial, post-hoc code verification. We systematically study three questions: (i) how cold-start SFT induces an agentic, tool-using behavioral prior, (ii) how the interaction density of cold-start trajectories shapes exploration and downstream RL outcomes, and (iii) how the RL interaction budget affects learning dynamics and generalization under varying inference-time budgets. We then introduce ASTER (Agentic Scaling with Tool-integrated Extended Reasoning), a framework that circumvents this collapse through a targeted cold-start strategy prioritizing interaction-dense trajectories. We find that a small expert cold-start set of just 4K interaction-dense trajectories yields the strongest downstream performance, establishing a robust prior that enables superior exploration during extended RL training. Extensive evaluations demonstrate that ASTER-4B achieves state-of-the-art results on competitive mathematical benchmarks, reaching 90.0% on AIME 2025, surpassing leading frontier open-source models, including DeepSeek-V3.2-Exp.
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