arXiv:2602.01385cs.RO2026-02被引 1

一款可空中、陆地、水中三栖的机器人,靠重心偏移和统一控制实现高效跨域运动。

TriphiBot: A Triphibious Robot Combining FOC-based Propulsion with Eccentric Design

  • 通过偏心质心设计,让推力自动对准运动方向,无需额外机械结构。
  • 采用基于磁场定向控制的统一推进系统,在空气和水中都能快速双向变推力。
  • 适合复杂环境任务,如灾害救援或跨域探测,兼具高效与稳定。

能够实现空中、陆地和水下多域运动及跨域切换的三栖机器人有望应对多样化环境中的复杂任务。然而,现有设计多局限于双模平台,部分结构机械复杂或推进效率低,限制了实际应用。本文提出一种新型三栖机器人,基于四旋翼结构并配备两个被动轮,无需额外执行器即可实现三域运动。为解决四旋翼类设计在地面/海床支撑运动中的效率低下问题,引入偏心质心(CoG)设计,使推力自然对齐运动方向,提升效率而无需专用机械转换结构。针对空气与水体中运动控制差异大的问题,开发基于磁场定向控制(FOC)的统一推进系统,解决转矩匹配难题,实现不同介质中精确、快速的双向推力调节。从生存状态与地面支撑角度分析机器人动力学,提出混合非线性模型预测控制(HNMPC)-PID 控制系统,确保多域运动稳定与模式间无缝过渡。实验验证了该机器人在多域运动与跨模式切换能力,以及所提推进系统的高效性与适应性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Triphibious robots capable of multi-domain motion and cross-domain transitions are promising to handle complex tasks across diverse environments. However, existing designs primarily focus on dual-mode platforms, and some designs suffer from high mechanical complexity or low propulsion efficiency, which limits their application. In this paper, we propose a novel triphibious robot capable of aerial, terrestrial, and aquatic motion, by a minimalist design combining a quadcopter structure with two passive wheels, without extra actuators. To address inefficiency of ground-support motion (moving on land/seabed) for quadcopter based designs, we introduce an eccentric Center of Gravity (CoG) design that inherently aligns thrust with motion, enhancing efficiency without specialized mechanical transformation designs. Furthermore, to address the drastic differences in motion control caused by different fluids (air and water), we develop a unified propulsion system based on Field-Oriented Control (FOC). This method resolves torque matching issues and enables precise, rapid bidirectional thrust across different mediums. Grounded in the perspective of living condition and ground support, we analyse the robot's dynamics and propose a Hybrid Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (HNMPC)-PID control system to ensure stable multi-domain motion and seamless transitions. Experimental results validate the robot's multi-domain motion and cross-mode transition capability, along with the efficiency and adaptability of the proposed propulsion system.

三栖机器人偏心设计FOC控制跨域运动

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