arXiv:2602.01828cs.LG2026-02被引 2

超几何图神经网络在任务对齐时更优,否则不如普通模型。

Hyperbolic Graph Neural Networks Under the Microscope: The Role of Geometry-Task Alignment

  • 引入几何-任务对齐概念,判断任务是否匹配超几何结构。
  • 在链接预测等对齐任务中表现优于欧氏模型,节点分类则无优势。
  • 强调不能只看图是否超几何,更要看任务是否匹配其几何特性。

许多复杂网络具有层次化、树状结构,使双曲空间成为学习此类图表示的自然选择。基于此,双曲图神经网络(HGNN)被广泛视为树状图表示学习的合理方案。本文提出几何-任务对齐这一新条件,即目标任务的度量结构是否与输入图一致。理论与实证表明,HGNN在回归任务中能恢复低失真表示,当任务需保持度量结构时,其几何归纳偏置才真正有用。通过联合分析预测性能与嵌入失真,发现HGNN在链接预测(天然几何对齐任务)上占优,但在标准节点分类基准上优势基本消失。总体而言,研究将关注点从“图是否双曲”转向“任务是否与双曲几何对齐”,表明只有在对齐条件下,HGNN才持续优于欧氏模型,否则其优势消失。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Many complex networks exhibit hierarchical, tree-like structures, making hyperbolic space a natural candidate wherein to learn representations of them. Based on this observation, Hyperbolic Graph Neural Networks (HGNNs) have been widely adopted as a principled choice for representation learning on tree-like graphs. In this work, we question this paradigm by proposing the additional condition of geometry--task alignment, i.e., whether the metric structure of the target follows that of the input graph. We theoretically and empirically demonstrate the capability of HGNNs to recover low-distortion representations on regression problems, and show that their geometric inductive bias becomes helpful when the problem requires preserving metric structure. By jointly analyzing predictive performance and embedding distortion, we further show that HGNNs gain an advantage on link prediction, a naturally geometry-aligned task, whereas this advantage largely disappears on standard node classification benchmarks, which are typically not geometry--aligned. Overall, our findings shift the focus from only asking "Is the graph hyperbolic?" to also questioning "Is the task aligned with hyperbolic geometry?", showing that HGNNs consistently outperform Euclidean models under such alignment, while their advantage vanishes otherwise.

图神经网络双曲几何任务对齐

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