动态调整控制点,让自动驾驶车辆转向更平滑稳定。
Path Tracking with Dynamic Control Point Blending for Autonomous Vehicles: An Experimental Study
- 用前后轴控制器加权融合,动态确定最优控制点。
- 实车测试显示轨迹误差降低,倒车时转向更顺滑。
- 适合需要高精度路径跟踪的自动驾驶系统开发。
本文提出一种面向自动驾驶车辆的路径跟踪框架,将横向控制指令作用于轮距上的动态控制点。不同于固定在前轴或后轴的参考点,该方法在两者间连续插值,实现低速操作和倒车等场景下的平滑适应。横向转向指令通过前轴斯坦利控制器与后轴基于曲率的几何控制器的重心混合获得,实现转向行为的连续过渡与更高跟踪稳定性。此外,引入基于曲率感知的纵向控制策略,利用虚拟轨道边界和射线追踪,将前方几何约束转换为虚拟障碍物距离并调节车速。整个方案集成于统一控制栈,在含GPS-RTK、雷达、里程计和IMU的实车上完成仿真与实测验证。闭环跟踪与倒车实验表明,相比固定控制点基线,本方法显著提升轨迹精度、转向平滑性与环境适应性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This paper presents an experimental study of a path-tracking framework for autonomous vehicles in which the lateral control command is applied to a dynamic control point along the wheelbase. Instead of enforcing a fixed reference at either the front or rear axle, the proposed method continuously interpolates between both, enabling smooth adaptation across driving contexts, including low-speed maneuvers and reverse motion. The lateral steering command is obtained by barycentric blending of two complementary controllers: a front-axle Stanley formulation and a rear-axle curvature-based geometric controller, yielding continuous transitions in steering behavior and improved tracking stability. In addition, we introduce a curvature-aware longitudinal control strategy based on virtual track borders and ray-tracing, which converts upcoming geometric constraints into a virtual obstacle distance and regulates speed accordingly. The complete approach is implemented in a unified control stack and validated in simulation and on a real autonomous vehicle equipped with GPS-RTK, radar, odometry, and IMU. The results in closed-loop tracking and backward maneuvers show improved trajectory accuracy, smoother steering profiles, and increased adaptability compared to fixed control-point baselines.
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