UrbanGS实现城市级场景高精度重建,兼顾速度与内存效率。
UrbanGS: A Scalable and Efficient Architecture for Geometrically Accurate Large-Scene Reconstruction
- 引入深度一致的D-Normal正则化,结合外部深度监督更新全部几何参数。
- 动态自适应剪枝策略降低冗余,提升大场景重建的计算效率。
- 适合需要高保真城市级3D重建的应用,如自动驾驶与数字孪生。
尽管3D高斯泼溅(3DGS)能在有限场景中实现实时高质量渲染,但将其扩展至大规模城市环境时,面临几何一致性、内存效率和计算可扩展性等关键挑战。为此,本文提出UrbanGS,一种可扩展的大场景重建框架。首先,提出深度一致的D-Normal正则化模块,不依赖单一单目法向估计器,而是融合外部深度监督,全面更新所有几何参数;通过基于梯度一致性与逆深度偏差的自适应置信权重机制,显著提升多视角深度对齐与几何一致性,有效解决复杂大场景中的几何精度问题。其次,设计空间自适应高斯剪枝(SAGP)策略,根据局部几何复杂度与可见性动态调整高斯密度以减少冗余;并构建统一的分块与视图分配方案,消除边界伪影,优化计算负载。在多个城市数据集上的大量实验表明,UrbanGS在渲染质量、几何准确性和内存效率方面均表现卓越,为高保真大场景重建提供系统性解决方案。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
While 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) enables high-quality, real-time rendering for bounded scenes, its extension to large-scale urban environments gives rise to critical challenges in terms of geometric consistency, memory efficiency, and computational scalability. To address these issues, we present UrbanGS, a scalable reconstruction framework that effectively tackles these challenges for city-scale applications. First, we propose a Depth-Consistent D-Normal Regularization module. Unlike existing approaches that rely solely on monocular normal estimators, which can effectively update rotation parameters yet struggle to update position parameters, our method integrates D-Normal constraints with external depth supervision. This allows for comprehensive updates of all geometric parameters. By further incorporating an adaptive confidence weighting mechanism based on gradient consistency and inverse depth deviation, our approach significantly enhances multi-view depth alignment and geometric coherence, which effectively resolves the issue of geometric accuracy in complex large-scale scenes. To improve scalability, we introduce a Spatially Adaptive Gaussian Pruning (SAGP) strategy, which dynamically adjusts Gaussian density based on local geometric complexity and visibility to reduce redundancy. Additionally, a unified partitioning and view assignment scheme is designed to eliminate boundary artifacts and optimize computational load. Extensive experiments on multiple urban datasets demonstrate that UrbanGS achieves superior performance in rendering quality, geometric accuracy, and memory efficiency, providing a systematic solution for high-fidelity large-scale scene reconstruction.
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