arXiv:2602.02179cs.LGcs.AI2026-02被引 1

用可解释的KAN网络构建全新生存分析模型,突破传统假设限制。

SurvKAN: A Fully Parametric Survival Model Based on Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks

  • 基于KAN架构显式建模时间依赖的危险函数,全参数化设计
  • 在多个基准上表现优于经典与前沿模型,兼顾准确性与校准性
  • 通过可学习单变量函数实现高可解释性,适合临床可信决策

准确预测事件发生时间对现代医疗中的临床决策、治疗规划和资源配置至关重要。尽管经典生存模型如Cox广泛使用,但其依赖线性协变量关系和时不变比例风险等强假设,难以捕捉真实临床动态。近年深度学习方法如DeepSurv和DeepHit虽提升表达能力,却牺牲可解释性,限制临床应用。混合模型如CoxKAN虽尝试缓解此矛盾,但仍受限于半参数Cox框架。本文提出SurvKAN,一种基于KAN架构的全参数化、连续时间生存模型,摆脱比例风险约束。SurvKAN将时间作为显式输入,直接预测对数危险函数,支持基于完整生存似然的端到端训练。其架构通过可学习的单变量函数保持可解释性,揭示特征随时间变化的风险影响。大量实验表明,SurvKAN在标准生存基准上性能媲美或超越经典及先进基线,在一致性与校准性指标上均表现优异。可解释性分析进一步揭示与医学知识一致的临床模式。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Accurate prediction of time-to-event outcomes is critical for clinical decision-making, treatment planning, and resource allocation in modern healthcare. While classical survival models such as Cox remain widely adopted in standard practice, they rely on restrictive assumptions, including linear covariate relationships and proportional hazards over time, that often fail to capture real-world clinical dynamics. Recent deep learning approaches like DeepSurv and DeepHit offer improved expressivity but sacrifice interpretability, limiting clinical adoption where trust and transparency are paramount. Hybrid models incorporating Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs), such as CoxKAN, have begun to address this trade-off but remain constrained by the semi-parametric Cox framework. In this work we introduce SurvKAN, a fully parametric, time-continuous survival model based on KAN architectures that eliminates the proportional hazards constraint. SurvKAN treats time as an explicit input to a KAN that directly predicts the log-hazard function, enabling end-to-end training on the full survival likelihood. Our architecture preserves interpretability through learnable univariate functions that indicate how individual features influence risk over time. Extensive experiments on standard survival benchmarks demonstrate that SurvKAN achieves competitive or superior performance compared to classical and state-of-the-art baselines across concordance and calibration metrics. Additionally, interpretability analyses reveal clinically meaningful patterns that align with medical domain knowledge.

生存分析可解释性KAN医疗AI

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