解决大模型对齐中的生成质量下降问题,提升输出稳定性。
SLIME: Stabilized Likelihood Implicit Margin Enforcement for Preference Optimization
- 引入锚定项与双边界机制,分离偏好学习与生成质量。
- 在多个基准上优于当前最优方法,且生成更稳定。
- 适合追求高质量、稳定输出的LLM对齐研究者使用。
直接偏好优化方法已成为对齐大型语言模型(LLMs)的高效替代方案,无需强化学习从人类反馈(RLHF)中训练。最新方法通过推导隐式奖励函数简化了对齐流程,但常因目标错配而失效:优化优选与次优响应之间的相对间距,并不能保证优选响应的绝对概率被保留。这会导致模型‘遗忘’优质输出,降低其概率以满足间距约束,以及因过度惩罚次优序列引发格式崩溃。本文提出无参考对齐目标SLIME(Stabilized Likelihood Implicit Margin Enforcement),通过三项设计解耦偏好学习与生成质量:(1) 锚定项最大化优选响应的概率;(2) 稳定性惩罚防止拒绝标记概率塌缩至零;(3) 双重间距机制结合硬约束与软约束,精确塑造边界。实验表明,SLIME在性能上超越现有先进基线,同时保持更高生成稳定性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Direct preference optimization methods have emerged as a computationally efficient alternative to Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs). Latest approaches have streamlined the alignment process by deriving implicit reward functions, yet they often suffer from a critical objective mismatch: optimizing the relative margin between chosen and rejected responses does not guarantee the preservation of the chosen response's absolute likelihood. This can lead to unlearning, where the model degrades the probability of high-quality outputs to satisfy margin constraints, and formatting collapse caused by the over-penalization of rejected sequences. In this work, we introduce SLIME (Stabilized Likelihood Implicit Margin Enforcement), a reference-free alignment objective designed to decouple preference learning from generation quality. SLIME incorporates a three-pronged objective: (1) an anchoring term to maximize the likelihood of preferred responses; (2) a stabilizing penalty that prevents the probabilities of rejected tokens from collapsing to zero; and (3) a dual-margin mechanism that combines hard and soft constraints for precise boundary shaping. Our results demonstrate that SLIME achieves superior performance compared to state-of-the-art baselines while maintaining higher generation stability.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。