arXiv:2602.02471cs.CVcs.AI2026-02

用检测头控制分割,防止放疗自动勾画中的虚假结果。

Multi-head automated segmentation by incorporating detection head into the contextual layer neural network

  • 在Transformer中加入并行检测头,用检测结果过滤分割预测。
  • 在前列腺数据集上平均Dice损失降至0.013,远低于基线的0.732。
  • 适合需要高可靠性的临床放疗自动勾画场景。

基于深度学习的自动分割在放疗中应用日益广泛,但传统模型常在缺乏目标结构的切片中产生解剖上不合理的假阳性(幻觉)。本文提出一种基于Swin U-Net的门控多头Transformer架构,引入跨切片上下文融合与并行检测头,联合执行切片级结构检测(通过多层感知机)与像素级分割(通过增强上下文流)。检测输出用于门控分割预测,抑制解剖无效切片中的假阳性,训练采用切片级Tversky损失以缓解类别不平衡。在癌症影像存档数据库的Prostate-Anatomical-Edge-Cases数据集上的实验表明,该门控模型显著优于仅分割的基线,平均Dice损失为0.013 ± 0.036,而基线为0.732 ± 0.314;检测概率与解剖存在高度相关,有效消除伪分割。相比之下,非门控模型变异性更高,且在所有切片中持续出现假阳性。结果表明,基于检测的门控可提升自动化分割的鲁棒性与解剖合理性,在不损害有效切片分割质量的前提下,减少幻觉预测,为提高临床放疗自动轮廓勾画的可靠性提供了有前景的方案。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Deep learning based auto segmentation is increasingly used in radiotherapy, but conventional models often produce anatomically implausible false positives, or hallucinations, in slices lacking target structures. We propose a gated multi-head Transformer architecture based on Swin U-Net, augmented with inter-slice context integration and a parallel detection head, which jointly performs slice-level structure detection via a multi-layer perceptron and pixel-level segmentation through a context-enhanced stream. Detection outputs gate the segmentation predictions to suppress false positives in anatomically invalid slices, and training uses slice-wise Tversky loss to address class imbalance. Experiments on the Prostate-Anatomical-Edge-Cases dataset from The Cancer Imaging Archive demonstrate that the gated model substantially outperforms a non-gated segmentation-only baseline, achieving a mean Dice loss of $0.013 \pm 0.036$ versus $0.732 \pm 0.314$, with detection probabilities strongly correlated with anatomical presence, effectively eliminating spurious segmentations. In contrast, the non-gated model exhibited higher variability and persistent false positives across all slices. These results indicate that detection-based gating enhances robustness and anatomical plausibility in automated segmentation applications, reducing hallucinated predictions without compromising segmentation quality in valid slices, and offers a promising approach for improving the reliability of clinical radiotherapy auto-contouring workflows.

自动分割放疗多头注意力门控机制

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。