用离线评估自动选最佳状态和奖励函数,让机器人协作更省力
Formulating Reinforcement Learning for Human-Robot Collaboration through Off-Policy Evaluation
- 基于离线评估筛选多种状态与奖励组合,无需实时交互
- 在月球着陆器和航天员实验中验证,能选出高性能策略
- 适合想快速部署机器人协作系统的研发团队使用
强化学习(RL)有望通过自主经验学习改变现实决策系统。但在人机协作等真实场景中,状态表示和奖励函数的设计直接影响学习效率与策略性能。传统方法依赖领域专家和反复试错,需大量人工干预和环境互动,成本高且不实用。本文提出一种新框架,利用离线策略评估(OPE)从日志数据中自动选择最优的状态空间与奖励函数,无需实时环境访问或人工反馈。该方法通过训练离线RL代理并应用OPE估计策略表现,以性能为标准挑选最优配置。在OpenAI Gym的Lunar Lander环境和NASA-MATB-II人类受试者研究环境中进行验证,结果表明该方法可显著提升离线RL在复杂安全场景中的可行性与可扩展性,实现更可靠、高效且可持续的人机协作学习。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Reinforcement learning (RL) has the potential to transform real-world decision-making systems by enabling autonomous agents to learn from experience. Deploying RL in real-world settings, especially in the context of human-robot interaction, requires defining state representations and reward functions, which are critical for learning efficiency and policy performance. Traditional RL approaches often rely on domain expertise and trial-and-error, necessitating extensive human involvement as well as direct interaction with the environment, which can be costly and impractical, especially in complex and safety-critical applications. This work proposes a novel RL framework that leverages off-policy evaluation (OPE) for state space and reward function selection, using only logged interaction data. This approach eliminates the need for real-time access to the environment or human-in-the-loop feedback, greatly reducing the dependency on costly real-time interactions. The proposed approach systematically evaluates multiple candidate state representations and reward functions by training offline RL agents and applying OPE to estimate policy performance. The optimal state space and reward function are selected based on their ability to produce high-performing policies under OPE metrics. Our method is validated on two environments: the Lunar Lander environment by OpenAI Gym, which provides a controlled setting for assessing state space and reward function selection, and a NASA-MATB-II human subjects study environment, which evaluates the approach's real-world applicability to human-robot teaming scenarios. This work enhances the feasibility and scalability of offline RL for real-world environments by automating critical RL design decisions through a data-driven OPE-based evaluation, enabling more reliable, effective, and sustainable RL formulation for complex human-robot interaction settings.
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