arXiv:2602.02751cs.MAcs.AI2026-02被引 2

用拍卖机制让小模型协同完成复杂任务,成本降35%。

Scaling Small Agents Through Strategy Auctions

  • 小模型通过竞标策略计划参与任务,由评分系统动态分配
  • 在复杂搜索与编程任务中减少52%对大模型依赖,成本降35%
  • 无需训练专用路由,支持持续自我优化,适合长周期任务

小型语言模型被视为代理型AI的经济高效方案,但其在复杂任务下的表现是否可扩展仍不明确。本文实证表明,小模型在深度搜索和编码任务中难以随任务复杂度提升而表现增强。为此提出策略拍卖框架SALE,模拟自由职业市场:各代理以短战略计划竞标,由成本-价值机制评分,并通过共享拍卖记忆迭代优化。该机制实现按任务路由与无训练自提升,无需运行所有模型至完成。在不同复杂度的搜索与编程任务中,SALE将最大模型使用率降低52%,整体成本下降35%,且在pass@1指标上持续优于最大模型,仅增加执行最终轨迹的微小开销。相较依赖任务描述的传统路由方法,后者或性能不及最大模型,或无法降本,双重失效。结果表明,小模型虽不足以独立应对复杂工作负载,但可通过任务协调与测试时自改进实现有效“扩容”。更广泛地,这推动了代理型AI的系统化视角——性能提升应来自异构代理间的市场式协作机制,而非单纯增大单个模型。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Small language models are increasingly viewed as a promising, cost-effective approach to agentic AI, with proponents claiming they are sufficiently capable for agentic workflows. However, while smaller agents can closely match larger ones on simple tasks, it remains unclear how their performance scales with task complexity, when large models become necessary, and how to better leverage small agents for long-horizon workloads. In this work, we empirically show that small agents' performance fails to scale with task complexity on deep search and coding tasks, and we introduce Strategy Auctions for Workload Efficiency (SALE), an agent framework inspired by freelancer marketplaces. In SALE, agents bid with short strategic plans, which are scored by a systematic cost-value mechanism and refined via a shared auction memory, enabling per-task routing and continual self-improvement without training a separate router or running all models to completion. Across deep search and coding tasks of varying complexity, SALE reduces reliance on the largest agent by 52%, lowers overall cost by 35%, and consistently improves upon the largest agent's pass@1 with only a negligible overhead beyond executing the final trace. In contrast, established routers that rely on task descriptions either underperform the largest agent or fail to reduce cost, often both, underscoring their poor fit for agentic workflows. These results suggest that while small agents may be insufficient for complex workloads, they can be effectively "scaled up" through coordinated task allocation and test-time self-improvement. More broadly, they motivate a systems-level view of agentic AI in which performance gains come less from ever-larger individual models and more from market-inspired coordination mechanisms that organize heterogeneous agents into efficient, adaptive ecosystems.

代理系统小模型任务调度成本优化

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