arXiv:2602.02929cs.LGcs.AI2026-02

用图模型+稀有模式挖掘,从系统行为中揪出隐蔽的黑客攻击。

RPG-AE: Neuro-Symbolic Graph Autoencoders with Rare Pattern Mining for Provenance-Based Anomaly Detection

  • 构建进程行为图,用图自编码器学正常结构
  • 发现罕见行为组合,显著提升异常检测排名质量
  • 单一模型胜过多个独立检测器,适合安全监控场景

高级持续性威胁(APTs)是难以察觉的长期网络攻击,常伪装成正常系统行为。本文提出一种神经符号异常检测框架,结合图自编码器(GAE)与稀有模式挖掘,在系统级溯源数据中识别类APT活动。首先基于特征相似性构建进程行为图,利用GAE学习正常关系结构;通过观察图与重建图的偏差识别异常候选。进一步引入稀有模式挖掘模块,发现罕见的行为共现模式,并用于提升具有稀有特征进程的异常评分。在DARPA Transparent Computing数据集上评估显示,稀有模式增强使异常排序性能显著优于基线GAE。相比现有无监督方法,该统一模型在相同基准上表现优于单个上下文检测器,且媲美需多检测器集成的聚合方法。结果表明,图表示学习与经典模式挖掘结合,能有效提升溯源安全异常检测的效能与可解释性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are sophisticated, long-term cyberattacks that are difficult to detect because they operate stealthily and often blend into normal system behavior. This paper presents a neuro-symbolic anomaly detection framework that combines a Graph Autoencoder (GAE) with rare pattern mining to identify APT-like activities in system-level provenance data. Our approach first constructs a process behavioral graph using k-Nearest Neighbors based on feature similarity, then learns normal relational structure using a Graph Autoencoder. Anomaly candidates are identified through deviations between observed and reconstructed graph structure. To further improve detection, we integrate an rare pattern mining module that discovers infrequent behavioral co-occurrences and uses them to boost anomaly scores for processes exhibiting rare signatures. We evaluate the proposed method on the DARPA Transparent Computing datasets and show that rare-pattern boosting yields substantial gains in anomaly ranking quality over the baseline GAE. Compared with existing unsupervised approaches on the same benchmark, our single unified model consistently outperforms individual context-based detectors and achieves performance competitive with ensemble aggregation methods that require multiple separate detectors. These results highlight the value of coupling graph-based representation learning with classical pattern mining to improve both effectiveness and interpretability in provenance-based security anomaly detection.

异常检测图神经网络安全分析

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