提出可微碰撞检测框架iDCOL,解决奇异形状接触计算不光滑问题。
Collision Detection with Analytical Derivatives of Contact Kinematics
- 用严格凸隐式表面重构几何,恢复接触映射的唯一性与光滑性
- 通过求解固定规模非线性系统,实现接触距离与法向的快速计算
- 支持梯度驱动路径规划和软体机器人交互,适合需要可微接触的场景
可微接触运动学对机器人梯度优化方法至关重要,但在曲率退化(零或未定义)的形状配置下,从机器人状态到接触距离、位置和法向的映射会变得不光滑。本文通过选择性地将此类几何体正则化为严格凸隐式表示,恢复了接触映射的唯一性和光滑性。基于这一几何正则化,我们提出了iDCOL——一种隐式可微碰撞检测与接触运动学框架。iDCOL使用严格凸隐式曲面表示碰撞物体,并通过基于几何缩放的凸优化公式推导出固定规模的非线性系统,求解该系统以实现碰撞检测与接触运动学计算。利用隐函数定理对系统残差求导,我们得到了接触运动学量的解析导数。本文还开发了一种基于牛顿法的快速求解器,并提供了开源C++实现。通过大量碰撞模拟和基准测试验证了方法的鲁棒性,并在梯度驱动运动规划、可微接触物理(包括多刚体碰撞和软体机器人交互)中展示了其应用价值。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Differentiable contact kinematics are essential for gradient-based methods in robotics, yet the mapping from robot state to contact distance, location, and normal becomes non-smooth in degenerate configurations of shapes with zero or undefined curvature. We address this inherent limitation by selectively regularizing such geometries into strictly convex implicit representations, restoring uniqueness and smoothness of the contact map. Leveraging this geometric regularization, we develop iDCOL, an implicit differentiable collision detection and contact kinematics framework. iDCOL represents colliding bodies using strictly convex implicit surfaces and computes collision detection and contact kinematics by solving a fixed-size nonlinear system derived from a geometric scaling-based convex optimization formulation. By applying the Implicit Function Theorem to the resulting system residual, we derive analytical derivatives of the contact kinematic quantities. We develop a fast Newton-based solver for iDCOL and provide an open-source C++ implementation of the framework. The robustness of the approach is evaluated through extensive collision simulations and benchmarking, and applicability is demonstrated in gradient-based kinematic path planning and differentiable contact physics, including multi-body rigid collisions and a soft-robot interaction example.
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