用流模型提升强化学习采样效率,稳定训练并实现更强探索。
Reparameterization Flow Policy Optimization
- 通过可微分流生成动作,联合反向传播优化策略与系统动态。
- 在软体四足机器人任务中,奖励接近基线两倍,显著超越现有方法。
- 适合需要高效探索的复杂运动控制任务,尤其适用于非高斯动作分布场景。
重参数化策略梯度(RPG)已成为基于模型强化学习中提升样本效率的重要范式,通过可微分动力学反向传播梯度实现。然而,以往RPG方法主要局限于高斯策略,限制了性能并难以利用生成模型最新进展。本文发现,通过可微分常微分方程(ODE)积分生成动作的流策略(flow policies)天然契合RPG框架,这一关联此前未被揭示。但直接应用该结合易导致训练不稳定且探索不足。为此提出重参数化流策略优化(RFO),通过联合反向传播流生成过程与系统动态计算策略梯度,实现高样本效率,无需不可行的对数似然计算。RFO引入两项定制正则化项以增强稳定性与探索性,并提出一种带动作分块的变体。在多种运动与操作任务上进行大量实验,涵盖刚体与柔体系统,输入包括状态或视觉信息。显著地,在一个挑战性的软体四足动物行走任务中,RFO获得的奖励几乎为当前最优基线的两倍。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Reparameterization Policy Gradient (RPG) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for model-based reinforcement learning, enabling high sample efficiency by backpropagating gradients through differentiable dynamics. However, prior RPG approaches have been predominantly restricted to Gaussian policies, limiting their performance and failing to leverage recent advances in generative models. In this work, we identify that flow policies, which generate actions via differentiable ODE integration, naturally align with the RPG framework, a connection not established in prior work. However, naively exploiting this synergy proves ineffective, often suffering from training instability and a lack of exploration. We propose Reparameterization Flow Policy Optimization (RFO). RFO computes policy gradients by backpropagating jointly through the flow generation process and system dynamics, unlocking high sample efficiency without requiring intractable log-likelihood calculations. RFO includes two tailored regularization terms for stability and exploration. We also propose a variant of RFO with action chunking. Extensive experiments on diverse locomotion and manipulation tasks, involving both rigid and soft bodies with state or visual inputs, demonstrate the effectiveness of RFO. Notably, on a challenging locomotion task controlling a soft-body quadruped, RFO achieves almost $2\times$ the reward of the state-of-the-art baseline.
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