arXiv:2602.04210cs.AIcs.LG2026-02

让非专家也能高效引导大模型完成复杂任务,提升指令对齐度54%。

Steering LLMs via Scalable Interactive Oversight

  • 将复杂任务拆解为递归决策树,降低人类监督负担。
  • 非专家使用该框架生成的PRD文档对齐度提升54%。
  • 仅用在线用户反馈即可通过强化学习优化,适合规模化应用。

随着大语言模型在复杂、长周期任务(如vibe coding)中日益自动化,监督差距逐渐显现。尽管模型执行能力强,但用户常因缺乏领域知识、难以精确表达意图或无法可靠验证复杂输出而难以有效引导。这带来了可扩展监督的关键挑战:如何让人类在自身无法完整描述或验证任务时仍能负责任地引导AI。为此,我们提出可扩展交互式监督框架,将复杂意图分解为可管理的递归决策树,以放大人类监督效果。系统不依赖开放式提示,而是在每个节点获取低负担反馈,并递归聚合为精准全局指引。在网页开发任务中验证,该框架使非专家生成的《产品需求文档》(PRD)对齐度提升54%。关键的是,我们证明该框架可通过仅使用在线用户反馈的强化学习进行优化,为人工智能规模化发展下保持人类控制提供了可行路径。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

As Large Language Models increasingly automate complex, long-horizon tasks such as \emph{vibe coding}, a supervision gap has emerged. While models excel at execution, users often struggle to guide them effectively due to insufficient domain expertise, the difficulty of articulating precise intent, and the inability to reliably validate complex outputs. It presents a critical challenge in scalable oversight: enabling humans to responsibly steer AI systems on tasks that surpass their own ability to specify or verify. To tackle this, we propose Scalable Interactive Oversight, a framework that decomposes complex intent into a recursive tree of manageable decisions to amplify human supervision. Rather than relying on open-ended prompting, our system elicits low-burden feedback at each node and recursively aggregates these signals into precise global guidance. Validated in web development task, our framework enables non-experts to produce expert-level Product Requirement Documents, achieving a 54\% improvement in alignment. Crucially, we demonstrate that this framework can be optimized via Reinforcement Learning using only online user feedback, offering a practical pathway for maintaining human control as AI scales.

大模型引导交互监督强化学习人机协作

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