arXiv:2602.04581cs.CLcs.AI2026-02被引 3

不靠识别坏内容,而是学正常内容来防风险

Trust The Typical

  • 把安全当作分布外检测,学正常提示的语义分布
  • 无需有害样本训练,18项测试中表现最优,误报率降40倍
  • 单模型跨14语言通用,部署时延低于6%适合生产

当前大模型安全方法依赖于对已知威胁的防御,如同猫鼠游戏。本文提出全新思路:安全源于对‘正常’的深刻理解。提出T3框架,将安全视为分布外(OOD)检测问题,通过学习语义空间中可接受提示的分布,识别显著偏离者为潜在威胁。该方法无需有害样本训练,在18个基准上表现卓越,涵盖毒性、仇恨言论、越狱攻击、多语言危害和过度拒绝等场景,误报率相比专用安全模型降低最高达40倍。仅用安全英文文本训练的单一模型,可有效迁移至多种领域与14种语言,无需重训。最后,将优化后的GPU版本集成至vLLM,实现生成过程中的持续防护,大规模负载下评估间隔密集时仍保持低于6%的延迟开销,验证了生产可用性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Current approaches to LLM safety fundamentally rely on a brittle cat-and-mouse game of identifying and blocking known threats via guardrails. We argue for a fresh approach: robust safety comes not from enumerating what is harmful, but from deeply understanding what is safe. We introduce Trust The Typical (T3), a framework that operationalizes this principle by treating safety as an out-of-distribution (OOD) detection problem. T3 learns the distribution of acceptable prompts in a semantic space and flags any significant deviation as a potential threat. Unlike prior methods, it requires no training on harmful examples, yet achieves state-of-the-art performance across 18 benchmarks spanning toxicity, hate speech, jailbreaking, multilingual harms, and over-refusal, reducing false positive rates by up to 40x relative to specialized safety models. A single model trained only on safe English text transfers effectively to diverse domains and over 14 languages without retraining. Finally, we demonstrate production readiness by integrating a GPU-optimized version into vLLM, enabling continuous guardrailing during token generation with less than 6% overhead even under dense evaluation intervals on large-scale workloads.

大模型安全OOD检测无监督防御生产部署

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