arXiv:2602.04911cs.LGcs.AI2026-02被引 1

用哈密顿图模型直接编码关系,实现低精度符号推理。

A logical re-conception of neural networks: Hamiltonian bitwise part-whole architecture

  • 基于哈密顿能量计算图中元素间关系,原生支持部分-整体等逻辑结构。
  • 仅用低精度运算,计算成本随边数线性增长,效率高。
  • 适合需要逻辑推理与层次化表征的场景,如知识图谱、可解释AI。

我们提出一种基础系统,通过与传统神经网络迥异的架构和学习规则,直接以图形式表示关系(如部分-整体)。任意数据被编码为图,边对应一组固定的小型基本二元关系代码,使关系编码成为系统底层固有特性。新型图-哈密顿算子计算这些编码间的能量,基态表示所有顶点间关系约束同时满足。该方法仅使用极低精度算术,计算成本极低且与数据边数呈线性关系。尽管能处理标准神经网络任务,生成的表示具备符号计算特征:可识别简单逻辑关系(如部分-整体;相邻),构建分层表示以支持基于位置的溯因推理,而非仅依赖统计表征。此外,推导出等效的神经网络操作,揭示嵌入向量编码的一种特殊情形,或可为高层语义表示提供新思路。当前实现尚简,但为后续拓展预留空间。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We introduce a simple initial working system in which relations (such as part-whole) are directly represented via an architecture with operating and learning rules fundamentally distinct from standard artificial neural network methods. Arbitrary data are straightforwardly encoded as graphs whose edges correspond to codes from a small fixed primitive set of elemental pairwise relations, such that simple relational encoding is not an add-on, but occurs intrinsically within the most basic components of the system. A novel graph-Hamiltonian operator calculates energies among these encodings, with ground states denoting simultaneous satisfaction of all relation constraints among graph vertices. The method solely uses radically low-precision arithmetic; computational cost is correspondingly low, and scales linearly with the number of edges in the data. The resulting unconventional architecture can process standard ANN examples, but also produces representations that exhibit characteristics of symbolic computation. Specifically, the method identifies simple logical relational structures in these data (part-of; next-to), building hierarchical representations that enable abductive inferential steps generating relational position-based encodings, rather than solely statistical representations. Notably, an equivalent set of ANN operations are derived, identifying a special case of embedded vector encodings that may constitute a useful approach to current work in higher-level semantic representation. The very simple current state of the implemented system invites additional tools and improvements.

关系推理哈密顿模型符号学习

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。