arXiv:2602.05415cs.CV2026-02

无需外部数据,用虚拟异常样本提升长尾分布下的异常检测性能。

VMF-GOS: Geometry-guided virtual Outlier Synthesis for Long-Tailed OOD Detection

  • 基于球面上的vMF分布,在特征空间低概率区域生成虚拟异常样本。
  • 在CIFAR-LT上比依赖真实外部数据的方法提升3.2% AUPR,且不需外部数据。
  • 适合隐私敏感或数据获取困难场景,如医疗图像异常检测。

长尾分布下的分布外(OOD)检测极具挑战性,因尾部类别样本稀少导致特征空间决策边界模糊。现有最先进方法通常依赖外部真实数据集(如80 Million Tiny Images)进行异常暴露(OE)以规整特征空间,但实际部署中常因数据获取成本高和隐私问题难以实现。为此,我们提出一种完全无需外部数据的数据自由框架。引入几何引导的虚拟异常合成(GOS)策略,利用超球面上的冯·米塞斯-费舍尔(vMF)分布建模统计特性,定位特征空间中的低似然环带,并在此区域进行方向采样生成虚拟异常。同时设计双粒度语义损失(DGS),通过对比学习最大化内分布(ID)特征与合成边界异常之间的区分度。在CIFAR-LT等基准上的大量实验表明,本方法优于使用真实外部图像的最先进方法,且不依赖任何外部数据。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection under long-tailed distributions is a highly challenging task because the scarcity of samples in tail classes leads to blurred decision boundaries in the feature space. Current state-of-the-art (sota) methods typically employ Outlier Exposure (OE) strategies, relying on large-scale real external datasets (such as 80 Million Tiny Images) to regularize the feature space. However, this dependence on external data often becomes infeasible in practical deployment due to high data acquisition costs and privacy sensitivity. To this end, we propose a novel data-free framework aimed at completely eliminating reliance on external datasets while maintaining superior detection performance. We introduce a Geometry-guided virtual Outlier Synthesis (GOS) strategy that models statistical properties using the von Mises-Fisher (vMF) distribution on a hypersphere. Specifically, we locate a low-likelihood annulus in the feature space and perform directional sampling of virtual outliers in this region. Simultaneously, we introduce a new Dual-Granularity Semantic Loss (DGS) that utilizes contrastive learning to maximize the distinction between in-distribution (ID) features and these synthesized boundary outliers. Extensive experiments on benchmarks such as CIFAR-LT demonstrate that our method outperforms sota approaches that utilize external real images.

OOD检测长尾分布虚拟数据无外部数据

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