arXiv:2602.05471cs.CL2026-02

解决多语言情感识别中标签不全、情绪模糊的问题,让模型更懂不确定性。

Reasoning under Ambiguity: Uncertainty-Aware Multilingual Emotion Classification under Partial Supervision

  • 引入不确定性感知机制,动态降低模糊样本权重
  • 在英/西/阿拉伯语数据集上优于主流方法,提升稳定性和鲁棒性
  • 适合处理标注缺失或不一致的情感分析场景

当前基于知识的系统越来越依赖多语言情感识别以支持智能决策,但面临情绪模糊和监督信息不全的挑战。文本情感识别本身具有不确定性,因多种情绪常共现,且标注常缺失或异质。现有多数多标签情感分类方法假设标签完全可观测,依赖确定性学习目标,导致在部分监督下产生偏差预测。本文提出一种名为“模糊下的推理”(Reasoning under Ambiguity)的不确定性感知框架,显式对齐学习过程与标注不确定性。该方法采用共享多语言编码器结合语言特异性优化,并引入基于熵的模糊性加权机制,对高模糊度训练样本降权,而非将缺失标签视为负例。进一步设计了掩码感知目标函数与正-未标记正则化,实现部分监督下的稳健学习。在英语、西班牙语和阿拉伯语情感分类基准上的实验表明,该方法在多个评估指标上持续优于强基线,同时提升训练稳定性、对标注稀疏性的鲁棒性以及可解释性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Contemporary knowledge-based systems increasingly rely on multilingual emotion identification to support intelligent decision-making, yet they face major challenges due to emotional ambiguity and incomplete supervision. Emotion recognition from text is inherently uncertain because multiple emotional states often co-occur and emotion annotations are frequently missing or heterogeneous. Most existing multi-label emotion classification methods assume fully observed labels and rely on deterministic learning objectives, which can lead to biased learning and unreliable predictions under partial supervision. This paper introduces Reasoning under Ambiguity, an uncertainty-aware framework for multilingual multi-label emotion classification that explicitly aligns learning with annotation uncertainty. The proposed approach uses a shared multilingual encoder with language-specific optimization and an entropy-based ambiguity weighting mechanism that down-weights highly ambiguous training instances rather than treating missing labels as negative evidence. A mask-aware objective with positive-unlabeled regularization is further incorporated to enable robust learning under partial supervision. Experiments on English, Spanish, and Arabic emotion classification benchmarks demonstrate consistent improvements over strong baselines across multiple evaluation metrics, along with improved training stability, robustness to annotation sparsity, and enhanced interpretability.

多语言情感识别不确定性建模

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