构建可审计的AI与区块链系统架构,实现数据主权与合规控制。
Sovereign-by-Design A Reference Architecture for AI and Blockchain Enabled Systems
- 将数字主权作为核心架构属性,融合自控身份与区块链信任机制。
- 明确生成式AI既是风险源也是合规工具,需在架构中受控部署。
- 适合关注数据合规、跨境系统设计的研究者与企业架构师。
数字主权已成为现代软件密集型系统的核心关切,源于非主权云基础设施的主导地位、生成式AI的快速普及以及日益严格的监管要求。现有举措多孤立处理治理、合规与安全问题,缺乏对主权如何在架构层面落地的指导。本文主张将主权视为首要的架构属性,而非单纯监管目标。我们提出一种主权参考架构,整合自控身份、基于区块链的可信与可审计性、主权数据治理,以及在明确架构控制下部署的生成式AI。该架构明确揭示生成式AI双重角色:若不受控则构成治理风险,但合理约束下可成为合规、问责与持续保证的推手。通过将主权定位为架构质量属性,本工作弥合了监管意图与具体系统设计之间的鸿沟,为构建可审计、可演化、具备司法意识的AI系统提供了统一基础。该参考架构为软件架构、生成式AI与数字主权交叉领域的未来研究与实践提供了原则性起点。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Digital sovereignty has emerged as a central concern for modern software-intensive systems, driven by the dominance of non-sovereign cloud infrastructures, the rapid adoption of Generative AI, and increasingly stringent regulatory requirements. While existing initiatives address governance, compliance, and security in isolation, they provide limited guidance on how sovereignty can be operationalized at the architectural level. In this paper, we argue that sovereignty must be treated as a first-class architectural property rather than a purely regulatory objective. We introduce a Sovereign Reference Architecture that integrates self-sovereign identity, blockchain-based trust and auditability, sovereign data governance, and Generative AI deployed under explicit architectural control. The architecture explicitly captures the dual role of Generative AI as both a source of governance risk and an enabler of compliance, accountability, and continuous assurance when properly constrained. By framing sovereignty as an architectural quality attribute, our work bridges regulatory intent and concrete system design, offering a coherent foundation for building auditable, evolvable, and jurisdiction-aware AI-enabled systems. The proposed reference architecture provides a principled starting point for future research and practice at the intersection of software architecture, Generative AI, and digital sovereignty.
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