arXiv:2602.06179cs.CV2026-02

无需标注数据,实时检测女性盆腔磁共振异常。

Unsupervised Anomaly Detection of Diseases in the Female Pelvis for Real-Time MR Imaging

  • 用健康扫描数据训练变分自编码器建模正常解剖结构。
  • 在真实数据上达到0.736 AUC、0.828敏感度,重建速度超90帧/秒。
  • 适合临床快速筛查子宫肌瘤、内膜异位症等常见病。

育龄期女性盆腔疾病是全球重大健康负担,因解剖结构高度变异,常导致影像诊断延迟。现有AI方法多针对特定疾病,缺乏实时性,难以通用与临床整合。为此,我们建立了一个疾病与参数无关、支持实时的无监督异常检测基准框架。该方法仅使用294例来自不同成像协议的健康矢状面T2加权扫描训练残差变分自编码器,以建模正常盆腔解剖。推理时通过重建误差热图识别偏离正常结构的病灶区域,实现无标签异常检测。模型利用扩散生成的合成数据增强鲁棒性。在公开的子宫肌瘤MRI数据集上,平均AUC达0.736,敏感度0.828,特异度0.692。临床专家交叉评估扩展至子宫内膜癌、子宫内膜异位症和腺肌症,揭示了解剖异质性与观察者间差异对性能的影响。重建速度约92.6帧/秒,为盆腔无监督异常检测提供实时基准,支持未来临床集成。代码可申请获取(https://github.com/AniKnu/UADPelvis),开放合作研究数据集。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Pelvic diseases in women of reproductive age represent a major global health burden, with diagnosis frequently delayed due to high anatomical variability, complicating MRI interpretation. Existing AI approaches are largely disease-specific and lack real-time compatibility, limiting generalizability and clinical integration. To address these challenges, we establish a benchmark framework for disease- and parameter-agnostic, real-time-compatible unsupervised anomaly detection in pelvic MRI. The method uses a residual variational autoencoder trained exclusively on healthy sagittal T2-weighted scans acquired across diverse imaging protocols to model normal pelvic anatomy. During inference, reconstruction error heatmaps indicate deviations from learned healthy structure, enabling detection of pathological regions without labeled abnormal data. The model is trained on 294 healthy scans and augmented with diffusion-generated synthetic data to improve robustness. Quantitative evaluation on the publicly available Uterine Myoma MRI Dataset yields an average area-under-the-curve (AUC) value of 0.736, with 0.828 sensitivity and 0.692 specificity. Additional inter-observer clinical evaluation extends analysis to endometrial cancer, endometriosis, and adenomyosis, revealing the influence of anatomical heterogeneity and inter-observer variability on performance interpretation. With a reconstruction time of approximately 92.6 frames per second, the proposed framework establishes a baseline for unsupervised anomaly detection in the female pelvis and supports future integration into real-time MRI. Code is available upon request (https://github.com/AniKnu/UADPelvis), prospective data sets are available for academic collaboration.

医学影像异常检测实时分析无监督学习

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