arXiv:2602.06330cs.CV2026-02

提出分层早期剔除框架,有效减少误检与计算开销。

Halt the Hallucination: Decoupling Signal and Semantic OOD Detection Based on Cascaded Early Rejection

  • 通过两级过滤:先用拉普拉斯算子拦截物理异常,再检测语义偏差。
  • 在CIFAR-100上FPR95降至22.84%,AUROC提升至93.97%。
  • 适用于各类模型,特别适合传感器失效等真实场景。

高效且鲁棒的分布外(OOD)检测对安全关键应用至关重要。然而现有方法仍对低级统计噪声执行全尺度推理,造成资源浪费并引发语义幻觉——深度网络强行将物理异常解释为高置信度语义特征。为此,我们提出分层早期剔除(CER)框架,通过粗到细逻辑实现异常的层级过滤。CER包含两个核心模块:1)结构能量筛(SES),利用拉普拉斯算子在网络入口建立非参数化屏障,高效拦截物理信号异常;2)语义感知超球面能量(SHE)检测器,解耦中间层特征的幅值与方向,识别细微语义偏离。实验表明,CER不仅将计算开销降低32%,还在CIFAR-100上实现显著性能提升:平均FPR95从33.58%降至22.84%,AUROC达到93.97%。尤其在模拟传感器故障的真实场景中,其表现远超当前最优方法。作为通用插件,CER可无缝集成至多种SOTA模型以获得性能增益。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Efficient and robust Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is paramount for safety-critical applications.However, existing methods still execute full-scale inference on low-level statistical noise. This computational mismatch not only incurs resource waste but also induces semantic hallucination, where deep networks forcefully interpret physical anomalies as high-confidence semantic features.To address this, we propose the Cascaded Early Rejection (CER) framework, which realizes hierarchical filtering for anomaly detection via a coarse-to-fine logic.CER comprises two core modules: 1)Structural Energy Sieve (SES), which establishes a non-parametric barrier at the network entry using the Laplacian operator to efficiently intercept physical signal anomalies; and 2) the Semantically-aware Hyperspherical Energy (SHE) detector, which decouples feature magnitude from direction in intermediate layers to identify fine-grained semantic deviations. Experimental results demonstrate that CER not only reduces computational overhead by 32% but also achieves a significant performance leap on the CIFAR-100 benchmark:the average FPR95 drastically decreases from 33.58% to 22.84%, and AUROC improves to 93.97%. Crucially, in real-world scenarios simulating sensor failures, CER exhibits performance far exceeding state-of-the-art methods. As a universal plugin, CER can be seamlessly integrated into various SOTA models to provide performance gains.

OOD检测异常检测模型效率视觉安全

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