arXiv:2602.06553math.AGcs.LG2026-02被引 1

用进化算法找正特征下奇异点解消的下降函数,突破经典方法失效瓶颈。

Evolving Ranking Functions for Canonical Blow-Ups in Positive Characteristic

  • 用进化搜索法在特征3的4维超曲面中寻找可下降的排序函数
  • 发现五元字典序函数在基准测试中零违规,满足有界延迟下降条件
  • 提出两个关于特征3的猜想级下降函数,为正特征解消提供新思路

正特征下的奇异点解消问题是代数几何中的长期开放问题。特征零时,1964年希伦卡证明了该问题,其工作获菲尔兹奖。现代证明依赖于构造合适的排序函数——沿标准爆破序列严格递减的不变量,确保终止。但在正特征下,尚无通用排序函数:弗罗贝尼乌斯特有的病态现象(如‘袋鼠现象’)会导致经典特征零不变量停滞甚至暂时上升,成为现有方法的根本障碍。本文报告使用进化搜索模型AlphaEvolve进行的一系列实验,旨在发现针对简化爆破过程的候选排序函数。测试基准为维度4、特征p=3且首项为纯不可分的单变元超曲面奇异点,此类情形下朴素的阶数不变量常失效。通过迭代优化实验设计,我们获得了一个离散化的五组件字典序排序函数,在基准测试中满足有界延迟下降条件且零违规。这些实验进一步催生了本文主要成果:关于特征3的猜想型延迟排序函数,提出了两个相关猜想。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Resolution of singularities in positive characteristic remains a long-standing open problem in algebraic geometry. In characteristic zero, the problem was solved by Hironaka in 1964, work for which he was awarded the Fields Medal. Modern proofs proceed by constructing suitable ranking functions, that is, invariants shown to strictly decrease along canonical sequences of blow-ups, ensuring termination. In positive characteristic, however, no such general ranking function is known: Frobenius-specific pathologies, such as the kangaroo phenomenon, can cause classical characteristic-zero invariants to plateau or even temporarily increase, presenting a fundamental obstruction to existing approaches. In this paper we report a sequence of experiments using the evolutionary search model AlphaEvolve, designed to discover candidate ranking functions for a toy canonical blow-up process. Our test benchmarks consist of carefully selected hypersurface singularities in dimension $4$ and characteristic $p=3$, with monic purely inseparable leading term, a regime in which naive order-based invariants often fail. After iteratively refining the experimental design, we obtained a discretized five-component lexicographic ranking function satisfying a bounded-delay descent criterion with zero violations across the benchmark. These experiments in turn motivated our main results: the conjectural delayed ranking functions in characteristic $3$ formulated in two conjectures.

代数几何奇异点解消进化算法正特征

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