提出可扩展至150亿参数的推荐模型,解决深层训练不稳与硬件利用率低问题。
TokenMixer-Large: Scaling Up Large Ranking Models in Industrial Recommenders
- 用混合-还原操作和辅助损失稳定深层梯度传播
- 实现70亿(线上)与150亿(离线)参数规模,支持高效扩展
- 已在字节多场景部署,电商、广告、直播均显著提效
尽管推荐模型的缩放规律受到广泛关注,现有架构如Wukong、HiFormer和DHEN常因设计不佳与硬件利用不足而限制实际可扩展性。此前我们提出的TokenMixer架构通过轻量级令牌混合操作替代自注意力机制,在效果与效率间取得平衡;但其在深层配置下仍面临残差路径不合理、梯度消失、MoE稀疏化不充分及扩展性受限等关键瓶颈。本文提出TokenMixer-Large,一种面向超大规模推荐系统的系统性演进架构。通过引入混合-还原操作、层间残差连接及辅助损失,确保模型深度增加时梯度传播稳定。此外,采用稀疏逐令牌MoE实现高效参数扩展。该模型成功将参数规模扩展至70亿(线上)与150亿(离线),目前已在字节跳动多个场景上线,带来显著性能提升:电商订单量增长+1.66%,人均预览支付GMV提升+2.98%;广告系统广告价值评分(ADSS)改善+2.0%;直播营收增长+1.4%。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
While scaling laws for recommendation models have gained significant traction, existing architectures such as Wukong, HiFormer and DHEN, often struggle with sub-optimal designs and hardware under-utilization, limiting their practical scalability. Our previous TokenMixer architecture (introduced in RankMixer paper) addressed effectiveness and efficiency by replacing self-attention with a ightweight token-mixing operator; however, it faced critical bottlenecks in deeper configurations, including sub-optimal residual paths, vanishing gradients, incomplete MoE sparsification and constrained scalability. In this paper, we propose TokenMixer-Large, a systematically evolved architecture designed for extreme-scale recommendation. By introducing a mixing-and-reverting operation, inter-layer residuals and the auxiliary loss, we ensure stable gradient propagation even as model depth increases. Furthermore, we incorporate a Sparse Per-token MoE to enable efficient parameter expansion. TokenMixer-Large successfully scales its parameters to 7-billion and 15-billion on online traffic and offline experiments, respectively. Currently deployed in multiple scenarios at ByteDance, TokenMixer-Large has achieved significant offline and online performance gains, delivering an increase of +1.66\% in orders and +2.98\% in per-capita preview payment GMV for e-commerce, improving ADSS by +2.0\% in advertising and achieving a +1.4\% revenue growth for live streaming.
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