arXiv:2602.06596cs.HCcs.AI2026-02

通过长期接触个性化消息,用户感知更佳,而非单条消息优化。

Personality as Relational Infrastructure: User Perceptions of Personality-Trait-Infused LLM Messaging

  • 用人格特质统一生成跨场景消息,增强一致性。
  • 接收更多人格化消息的用户评价更高,负面情绪减少。
  • 适合研究人机长期互动与行为干预系统设计者。

数字行为改变系统越来越多地依赖系统主动发送的重复消息,在日常情境中支持用户。大语言模型(LLM)使消息在交互中保持一致个性化,但尚不清楚这种个性化是提升了单条消息质量,还是通过持续暴露影响用户感知。本研究以身体活动为应用场景,探讨基于大语言模型生成的适时、情境感知信息(JITAIs)中人格特质注入的影响。在一项控制性回顾研究中,90名参与者评估了四种LLM策略(基础提示、少量示例提示、微调模型、检索增强生成)结合或不结合五大性格特质(Big Five Personality Traits, BFPT)生成的消息。使用带有组内-组间分解的序次多层模型,区分了试验级效应(人格信息是否提升单条消息评价)与个体级暴露效应(接收更高比例人格化消息的用户是否整体感知不同)。结果显示:无试验级关联,但接收更高比例BFPT消息的参与者认为消息更具个性化、更恰当,并报告更少负面情绪。事后分析采用沟通适应理论(Communication Accommodation Theory)。结果表明,人格化个性化主要通过累积暴露而非单条优化起作用,对自适应系统的设计与评估具有启示意义。需在真实场景中开展现场纵向研究验证。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Digital behaviour change systems increasingly rely on repeated, system-initiated messages to support users in everyday contexts. LLMs enable these messages to be personalised consistently across interactions, yet it remains unclear whether such personalisation improves individual messages or instead shapes users' perceptions through patterns of exposure. We explore this question in the context of LLM-generated JITAIs, which are short, context-aware messages delivered at moments deemed appropriate to support behaviour change, using physical activity as an application domain. In a controlled retrospective study, 90 participants evaluated messages generated using four LLM strategies: baseline prompting, few-shot prompting, fine-tuned models, and retrieval augmented generation, each implemented with and without Big Five Personality Traits to produce personality-aligned communication across multiple scenarios. Using ordinal multilevel models with within-between decomposition, we distinguish trial-level effects, whether personality information improves evaluations of individual messages, from person-level exposure effects, whether participants receiving higher proportions of personality-informed messages exhibit systematically different overall perceptions. Results showed no trial-level associations, but participants who received higher proportions of BFPT-informed messages rated the messages as more personalised, appropriate, and reported less negative affect. We use Communication Accommodation Theory for post-hoc analysis. These results suggest that personality-based personalisation in behaviour change systems may operate primarily through aggregate exposure rather than per-message optimisation, with implications for how adaptive systems are designed and evaluated in sustained human-AI interaction. In-situ longitudinal studies are needed to validate these findings in real-world contexts.

人格建模行为干预大模型应用

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