arXiv:2602.07007cs.RO2026-02

用属性引导推理,自动生成具物理意义的机器人安全需求。

ARGOS: Automated Functional Safety Requirement Synthesis for Embodied AI via Attribute-Guided Combinatorial Reasoning

  • 基于指令分解出细粒度属性,让大模型推理有物理依据。
  • 生成符合ISO 13482标准的上下文相关安全需求,覆盖长尾风险。
  • 适合需要安全落地的具身智能研发团队使用。

确保具身智能在复杂开放环境中的功能安全至关重要。传统危害分析与风险评估(HARA)方法难以应对该场景:其依赖预定义功能列表枚举风险,而具身智能接收开放式自然语言指令,引发组合式交互风险。尽管大语言模型(LLMs)有望解决可扩展性问题,但常缺乏物理基础,导致危害描述语义浅显、逻辑混乱。为此,本文提出新框架ARGOS(AttRibute-Guided cOmbinatorial reaSoning),通过将用户指令中的实体动态分解为细粒度属性,使LLM推理扎根于因果风险因素,生成物理上合理的风险场景。再结合机器人能力,将抽象安全标准(如ISO 13482)实例化为具体的功能安全要求(FSRs)。大量实验表明,ARGOS生成的FSRs质量高,且在识别长尾风险方面优于基线方法。本工作为系统化、具象化的功能安全需求生成提供了可行路径,是推动具身智能工业安全落地的关键一步。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Ensuring functional safety is essential for the deployment of Embodied AI in complex open-world environments. However, traditional Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment (HARA) methods struggle to scale in this domain. While HARA relies on enumerating risks for finite and pre-defined function lists, Embodied AI operates on open-ended natural language instructions, creating a challenge of combinatorial interaction risks. Whereas Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a promising solution to this scalability challenge, they often lack physical grounding, yielding semantically superficial and incoherent hazard descriptions. To overcome these limitations, we propose a new framework ARGOS (AttRibute-Guided cOmbinatorial reaSoning), which bridges the gap between open-ended user instructions and concrete physical attributes. By dynamically decomposing entities from instructions into these fine-grained properties, ARGOS grounds LLM reasoning in causal risk factors to generate physically plausible hazard scenarios. It then instantiates abstract safety standards, such as ISO 13482, into context-specific Functional Safety Requirements (FSRs) by integrating these scenarios with robot capabilities. Extensive experiments validate that ARGOS produces high-quality FSRs and outperforms baselines in identifying long-tail risks. Overall, this work paves the way for systematic and grounded functional safety requirement generation, a critical step toward the safe industrial deployment of Embodied AI.

具身智能安全需求大模型

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