arXiv:2602.07041cs.CVcs.LG2026-02被引 1

用手机拍照+AI推理,帮普通人初步判断牙齿问题

OMNI-Dent: Towards an Accessible and Explainable AI Framework for Automated Dental Diagnosis

  • 把牙医诊断逻辑融入视觉语言模型,不依赖专业数据微调
  • 仅用手机多角度照片即可实现牙位级异常检测
  • 适合资源匮乏地区或初筛阶段,辅助非专业人士判断

精准的牙科诊断对口腔健康至关重要,但许多人无法及时获得专业评估。现有基于AI的方法多将诊断视为视觉模式识别任务,未能反映牙医的结构化临床推理过程,且需要大量专家标注数据,难以在真实多变的影像条件下泛化。为此,我们提出OMNI-Dent——一种数据高效、可解释的诊断框架,将临床推理原则融入基于视觉-语言模型(VLM)的流程中。该框架处理多视角智能手机照片,嵌入牙科专家的诊断启发式规则,并引导通用VLM完成牙位级评估,无需对VLM进行牙科特定微调。利用VLM已有的视觉-语言能力,OMNI-Dent旨在支持在缺乏标准临床影像的场景下进行诊断辅助。作为早期辅助工具,它帮助用户识别潜在异常并判断是否需专业评估,为缺乏面对面诊疗资源的人群提供实用解决方案。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Accurate dental diagnosis is essential for oral healthcare, yet many individuals lack access to timely professional evaluation. Existing AI-based methods primarily treat diagnosis as a visual pattern recognition task and do not reflect the structured clinical reasoning used by dental professionals. These approaches also require large amounts of expert-annotated data and often struggle to generalize across diverse real-world imaging conditions. To address these limitations, we present OMNI-Dent, a data-efficient and explainable diagnostic framework that incorporates clinical reasoning principles into a Vision-Language Model (VLM)-based pipeline. The framework operates on multi-view smartphone photographs,embeds diagnostic heuristics from dental experts, and guides a general-purpose VLM to perform tooth-level evaluation without dental-specific fine-tuning of the VLM. By utilizing the VLM's existing visual-linguistic capabilities, OMNI-Dent aims to support diagnostic assessment in settings where curated clinical imaging is unavailable. Designed as an early-stage assistive tool, OMNI-Dent helps users identify potential abnormalities and determine when professional evaluation may be needed, offering a practical option for individuals with limited access to in-person care.

牙科AI可解释性移动端医疗

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