用摄像头实现无标记头位追踪，精度达2.32mm，降低成本与不适感。
Markerless Head Tracking for Accurate and Accessible Neuronavigation
- 用可见光与红外摄像头结合立体视觉，建模人脸几何实现无标记追踪。
- 50人测试中误差仅2.32mm、2.01°，优于以往无标记方法。
- 适合临床与科研场景，降低设备成本，提升患者舒适度。
神经导航广泛应用于生物医学研究和干预中，用于精确引导头颅周围器械的放置，支持经颅磁刺激等操作。传统系统依赖佩戴在受试者身上的物理标记，需手动注册，可能在操作中移位，且引起不适。本文提出并评估了无标记方法，以低成本可见光与红外摄像头替代昂贵硬件和物理标记，结合立体视觉与深度感知，并通过算法建模面部几何。对50名受试者的验证显示，最佳无标记算法的中位追踪偏差仅为2.32 mm（位置）和2.01°（角度），达到经颅磁刺激所需的精度，显著优于先前的无标记结果。研究还表明，融合多摄像头传感器数据可进一步提升整体精度。所提无标记神经导航方法可降低部署成本与复杂性，提升患者舒适度，推动其在临床与研究中的普及。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Neuronavigation is widely used in biomedical research and interventions to guide the precise placement of instruments around the head to support procedures such as transcranial magnetic stimulation. Traditional systems, however, rely on subject-mounted markers that require manual registration, may shift during procedures, and can cause discomfort. We introduce and evaluate markerless approaches that replace expensive hardware and physical markers with low-cost visible and infrared light cameras incorporating stereo and depth sensing, combined with algorithmic modeling of the facial geometry. Validation with 50 human subjects yielded a median tracking discrepancy of only 2.32 mm and 2.01$^\circ$ for the best markerless algorithm compared to a conventional marker-based system, which indicates sufficient accuracy for transcranial magnetic stimulation and a substantial improvement over prior markerless results. The study also suggests that integration of the data from the various camera sensors can improve the overall accuracy further. The proposed markerless neuronavigation methods can reduce setup cost and complexity, improve patient comfort, and expand access to neuronavigation in clinical and research settings.
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