tLoRA让多个LoRA训练任务高效共用资源,提升吞吐和速度。
tLoRA: Efficient Multi-LoRA Training with Elastic Shared Super-Models
- 将共享基础模型的LoRA融合为弹性超模型,实现资源协同。
- 实测训练吞吐提升1.2至1.8倍,完成时间快2.3至5.4倍。
- 适合大规模并发训练场景,尤其利于资源受限集群。
随着低秩适配(LoRA)成为高效微调大语言模型的标准方法,共享集群中越来越多地并行运行多个基于同一冻结主干的LoRA训练任务。尽管近期进展实现了推理时多个适配器的批处理(共置),但异构LoRA适配器在训练时的高效共置仍具挑战。任务间常存在适配器秩、批大小和资源分配差异,简单批处理会引发同步阻塞、通信开销及单任务性能下降,甚至比独立执行更慢。本文提出tLoRA框架,支持多LoRA任务的高效批量训练。tLoRA将共享同一基础模型的适配器融合为弹性共享超模型,利用现有分布式训练框架生成高效资源并行计划。在内核层面,tLoRA采用融合式LoRA内核,自适应重构低秩计算块,并调度秩感知的纳米批,以最大化跨适配器的计算与通信重叠。在调度层,tLoRA引入在线、残余容量感知的调度器,动态分组任务以最大化整体吞吐。基于真实集群日志的评估表明,tLoRA使训练吞吐提升1.2–1.8倍,任务完成时间缩短2.3–5.4倍,GPU利用率提高37%。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
As Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) becomes the standard approach for efficiently fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), shared clusters increasingly execute many concurrent LoRA training jobs over the same frozen backbone. While recent advances enable batching (co-locating) multiple adapters during serving, efficient training-time co-location of heterogeneous LoRA adapters presents unique challenges. Jobs often differ in adapter rank, batch size, and resource allocation, and naïve batching can introduce synchronization stalls, communication overheads, and per-job slowdowns that are worse than executing independently. We introduce tLoRA, a framework that enables efficient batch training of multiple LoRA jobs. tLoRA fuses adapters that share the same base model into an elastic shared super-model, exploiting existing distributed training frameworks to derive parallelism plans that share resources effectively. At the kernel level, tLoRA employs a fused LoRA kernel that adaptively reconstructs low-rank computation tiles and schedules rank-aware nano-batches to maximize overlap between computation and communication across adapters. At the scheduling layer, tLoRA incorporates an online, residual-capacity-aware scheduler that adaptively groups jobs to maximize collective throughput. Evaluations using real-world cluster traces demonstrate that tLoRA improves training throughput by 1.2--1.8x, job training completion time by 2.3--5.4x, and GPU utilization by 37%.
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