用遗传编程自动优化图像处理流程，精准分割增材制造合金中的析出物。
Optimization of Precipitate Segmentation Through Linear Genetic Programming of Image Processing
- 通过线性遗传编程搜索最优图像滤波序列，生成可读的MATLAB代码。
- 在理想参数下，分割误差仅1.8%，接近人工标注水平。
- 2秒处理360万像素图像，加速合金研发迭代，适合材料科学家使用。
当前对铌基铜合金的分析依赖人工标注，因微图中对比度变化、噪声和图像伪影导致效率低下。本文提出一种基于线性遗传编程（LGP）优化的滤波与分割算法，用于检测聚焦离子束截面显微图像中的析出物。该优化环境采用领域专用语言描述图像处理程序，由可调参数的滤波块按序组成，便于遗传算法进行可靠生成与变异。系统输出人类可读的MATLAB代码，构成图像处理流水线。在种群规模60、最大程序长度5个滤波块的理想条件下，算法平均像素级分割误差为1.8%（基于异或误差对比人工基准），接近人工水平。优化后的流水线平均2秒处理360万像素图像，显著提升迭代速度，助力探索材料成分与工艺空间，推动实现适用于增材制造聚变反应堆部件的高强度、低活化析出强化铜合金。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Current analysis of additive manufactured niobium-based copper alloys relies on hand annotation due to varying contrast, noise, and image artifacts present in micrographs, slowing iteration speed in alloy development. We present a filtering and segmentation algorithm for detecting precipitates in FIB cross-section micrographs, optimized using linear genetic programming (LGP), which accounts for the various artifacts. To this end, the optimization environment uses a domain-specific language for image processing to iterate on solutions. Programs in this language are a list of image-filtering blocks with tunable parameters that sequentially process an input image, allowing for reliable generation and mutation by a genetic algorithm. Our environment produces optimized human-interpretable MATLAB code representing an image filtering pipeline. Under ideal conditions--a population size of 60 and a maximum program length of 5 blocks--our system was able to find a near-human accuracy solution with an average evaluation error of 1.8% when comparing segmentations pixel-by-pixel to a human baseline using an XOR error evaluation. Our automation work enabled faster iteration cycles and furthered exploration of the material composition and processing space: our optimized pipeline algorithm processes a 3.6 megapixel image in about 2 seconds on average. This ultimately enables convergence on strong, low-activation, precipitation hardened copper alloys for additive manufactured fusion reactor parts.
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