arXiv:2602.07441cs.LGcs.AI2026-02被引 1

用新方法替换数据中差动作,让离线强化学习更优。

Proximal Action Replacement for Behavior Cloning Actor-Critic in Offline Reinforcement Learning

  • 用价值函数引导,替换数据中效果差的动作
  • 在多个基准上提升性能,逼近顶尖结果
  • 可直接接入现有算法,适合想改进离线学习的人

离线强化学习通过固定数据集优化策略,常用行为克隆(BC)正则化方法快速生成合理策略并缓解分布外动作偏差,但当数据集中动作本身不优时,盲目模仿会形成性能天花板,阻碍策略利用价值函数建议的更优动作。本文通过分析其收敛性并验证于连续任务,提出近端动作替换(PAR),一种即插即用的样本替换机制:用稳定目标策略生成的更好动作,根据价值函数局部上升方向并受价值不确定性约束进行替换,确保训练稳定。该方法兼容多种BC正则化范式,在多个离线强化学习基准上均显著提升性能,仅与基础TD3+BC结合即可逼近当前最优水平。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Offline reinforcement learning (RL), which optimizes policies using a previously collected static dataset, is an important branch of RL. A popular and promising approach is to regularize actor-critic methods with behavior cloning (BC), which quickly yields realistic policies and mitigates bias from out-of-distribution actions, but it can impose an often-overlooked performance ceiling: when dataset actions are suboptimal, indiscriminate imitation structurally prevents the actor from fully exploiting better actions suggested by the value function, especially in later training when imitation is already dominant. We formally analyzed this limitation by investigating convergence properties of BC-regularized actor-critic optimization and verified it on a controlled continuous bandit task. To break this ceiling, we propose proximal action replacement (PAR), an easy-to-use plug-and-play training sample replacer. PAR substitutes suboptimal dataset actions with better actions generated by a stable target policy, guided by the action-value function's local ascent direction and bounded by value uncertainty to ensure training stability. PAR is compatible with multiple BC regularization paradigms. Extensive experiments across offline RL benchmarks show that PAR consistently improves performance, and approaches state-of-the-art results simply by being combined with the basic TD3+BC.

离线强化学习行为克隆策略优化动作替换

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